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1 | // -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- | ||
2 | // vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4: | ||
3 | // | ||
4 | // SPDX-FileCopyrightInfo: Copyright © DuMux Project contributors, see AUTHORS.md in root folder | ||
5 | // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later | ||
6 | // | ||
7 | /*! | ||
8 | * \file | ||
9 | * \ingroup Assembly | ||
10 | * \brief Coloring schemes for shared-memory-parallel assembly | ||
11 | */ | ||
12 | #ifndef DUMUX_ASSEMBLY_COLORING_HH | ||
13 | #define DUMUX_ASSEMBLY_COLORING_HH | ||
14 | |||
15 | #include <vector> | ||
16 | #include <deque> | ||
17 | #include <iostream> | ||
18 | #include <tuple> | ||
19 | #include <algorithm> | ||
20 | |||
21 | #include <dune/common/timer.hh> | ||
22 | #include <dune/common/exceptions.hh> | ||
23 | |||
24 | #include <dumux/io/format.hh> | ||
25 | #include <dumux/discretization/method.hh> | ||
26 | |||
27 | #ifndef DOXYGEN // hide from doxygen | ||
28 | namespace Dumux::Detail { | ||
29 | |||
30 | //! Compute a map from dof indices to element indices (helper data for coloring algorithm) | ||
31 | template <class GridGeometry> | ||
32 | std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> | ||
33 | 452 | computeConnectedElements(const GridGeometry& gg) | |
34 | { | ||
35 |
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482 | std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> connectedElements; |
36 | |||
37 | if constexpr (GridGeometry::discMethod == DiscretizationMethods::cctpfa) | ||
38 | { | ||
39 |
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490 | connectedElements.resize(gg.gridView().size(0)); |
40 |
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243 | const auto& eMapper = gg.elementMapper(); |
41 |
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4617306 | for (const auto& element : elements(gg.gridView())) |
42 | { | ||
43 |
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2308404 | const auto eIdx = eMapper.index(element); |
44 |
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20622408 | for (const auto& intersection : intersections(gg.gridView(), element)) |
45 |
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13108701 | if (intersection.neighbor()) |
46 |
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24910612 | connectedElements[eMapper.index(intersection.outside())].push_back(eIdx); |
47 | } | ||
48 | } | ||
49 | |||
50 | else if constexpr (GridGeometry::discMethod == DiscretizationMethods::box | ||
51 | || GridGeometry::discMethod == DiscretizationMethods::pq1bubble) | ||
52 | { | ||
53 | static constexpr int dim = GridGeometry::GridView::dimension; | ||
54 |
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345 | connectedElements.resize(gg.gridView().size(dim)); |
55 |
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172 | const auto& vMapper = gg.vertexMapper(); |
56 |
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485443 | for (const auto& element : elements(gg.gridView())) |
57 | { | ||
58 |
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326407 | const auto eIdx = gg.elementMapper().index(element); |
59 |
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2101855 | for (int i = 0; i < element.subEntities(dim); i++) |
60 |
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1083325 | connectedElements[vMapper.subIndex(element, i, dim)].push_back(eIdx); |
61 | } | ||
62 | } | ||
63 | |||
64 | else if constexpr ( | ||
65 | GridGeometry::discMethod == DiscretizationMethods::fcstaggered | ||
66 | || GridGeometry::discMethod == DiscretizationMethods::ccmpfa | ||
67 | ) | ||
68 | { | ||
69 | // for MPFA-O schemes the assembly of each element residual touches all vertex neighbors | ||
70 | // for face-centered staggered it is all codim-2 neighbors (vertex neighbors in 2D, edge neighbors in 3D) | ||
71 | // but we use vertex neighbors also in 3D for simplicity | ||
72 |
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54 | std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> vToElements; |
73 | static constexpr int dim = GridGeometry::GridView::dimension; | ||
74 |
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74 | vToElements.resize(gg.gridView().size(dim)); |
75 |
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37 | const auto& vMapper = gg.vertexMapper(); |
76 |
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78456 | for (const auto& element : elements(gg.gridView())) |
77 | { | ||
78 |
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70794 | const auto eIdx = gg.elementMapper().index(element); |
79 |
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268732 | for (int i = 0; i < element.subEntities(dim); i++) |
80 |
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167134 | vToElements[vMapper.subIndex(element, i, dim)].push_back(eIdx); |
81 | } | ||
82 | |||
83 |
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74 | connectedElements.resize(gg.gridView().size(0)); |
84 |
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87156 | for (const auto& element : elements(gg.gridView())) |
85 | { | ||
86 |
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70794 | const auto eIdx = gg.elementMapper().index(element); |
87 |
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268732 | for (int i = 0; i < element.subEntities(dim); i++) |
88 | { | ||
89 |
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167134 | const auto& e = vToElements[vMapper.subIndex(element, i, dim)]; |
90 |
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1002804 | connectedElements[eIdx].insert(connectedElements[eIdx].end(), e.begin(), e.end()); |
91 | } | ||
92 | |||
93 | // make unique | ||
94 | 174112 | std::sort(connectedElements[eIdx].begin(), connectedElements[eIdx].end()); | |
95 |
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87056 | connectedElements[eIdx].erase( |
96 | 130584 | std::unique(connectedElements[eIdx].begin(), connectedElements[eIdx].end()), | |
97 | 43528 | connectedElements[eIdx].end() | |
98 | ); | ||
99 | } | ||
100 | } | ||
101 | |||
102 | // nothing has to be precomputed here as only immediate face neighbors are connected | ||
103 | else if constexpr (GridGeometry::discMethod == DiscretizationMethods::fcdiamond) | ||
104 | ✗ | return connectedElements; | |
105 | |||
106 | else | ||
107 | DUNE_THROW(Dune::NotImplemented, | ||
108 | "Missing coloring scheme implementation for this discretization method" | ||
109 | ); | ||
110 | |||
111 | 452 | return connectedElements; | |
112 | } | ||
113 | |||
114 | /*! | ||
115 | * \brief Compute the colors of neighboring nodes in the dependency graph | ||
116 | * | ||
117 | * Neighboring nodes are those elements that manipulate the | ||
118 | * same data structures (e.g. system matrix, volvars, flux cache) in the same places | ||
119 | * | ||
120 | * \param gridGeometry the grid geometry | ||
121 | * \param element the element we want to color | ||
122 | * \param colors a vector of current colors for each element (not assigned: -1) | ||
123 | * \param connectedElements a map from implementation-defined indices to element indices | ||
124 | * \param neighborColors a vector to add the colors of neighbor nodes to | ||
125 | */ | ||
126 | template<class GridGeometry, class ConnectedElements> | ||
127 | 2640108 | void addNeighborColors(const GridGeometry& gg, | |
128 | const typename GridGeometry::LocalView::Element& element, | ||
129 | const std::vector<int>& colors, | ||
130 | const ConnectedElements& connectedElements, | ||
131 | std::vector<int>& neighborColors) | ||
132 | { | ||
133 | if constexpr ( | ||
134 | GridGeometry::discMethod == DiscretizationMethods::cctpfa | ||
135 | || GridGeometry::discMethod == DiscretizationMethods::ccmpfa | ||
136 | || GridGeometry::discMethod == DiscretizationMethods::fcstaggered | ||
137 | ) | ||
138 | { | ||
139 | // we modify neighbor elements during the assembly | ||
140 | // check who else modifies these neighbor elements | ||
141 | 2351932 | const auto& eMapper = gg.elementMapper(); | |
142 |
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18991154 | for (const auto& intersection : intersections(gg.gridView(), element)) |
143 | { | ||
144 |
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13356157 | if (intersection.neighbor()) |
145 | { | ||
146 | // direct face neighbors | ||
147 |
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25092216 | const auto nIdx = eMapper.index(intersection.outside()); |
148 |
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25660772 | neighborColors.push_back(colors[nIdx]); |
149 | |||
150 | // neighbor-neighbors | ||
151 |
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98789569 | for (const auto nnIdx : connectedElements[eMapper.index(intersection.outside())]) |
152 |
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147244402 | neighborColors.push_back(colors[nnIdx]); |
153 | } | ||
154 | } | ||
155 | } | ||
156 | |||
157 | else if constexpr (GridGeometry::discMethod == DiscretizationMethods::box | ||
158 | || GridGeometry::discMethod == DiscretizationMethods::pq1bubble) | ||
159 | { | ||
160 | // we modify the vertex dofs of our element during the assembly | ||
161 | // check who else modifies these vertex dofs | ||
162 | 256698 | const auto& vMapper = gg.vertexMapper(); | |
163 | static constexpr int dim = GridGeometry::GridView::dimension; | ||
164 | // direct vertex neighbors | ||
165 |
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1340023 | for (int i = 0; i < element.subEntities(dim); i++) |
166 |
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8088898 | for (auto eIdx : connectedElements[vMapper.subIndex(element, i, dim)]) |
167 | 14011146 | neighborColors.push_back(colors[eIdx]); | |
168 | } | ||
169 | |||
170 | else if constexpr (GridGeometry::discMethod == DiscretizationMethods::fcdiamond) | ||
171 | { | ||
172 | // we modify neighbor faces during the assembly | ||
173 | // check who else modifies these neighbor elements | ||
174 | 31478 | const auto& eMapper = gg.elementMapper(); | |
175 |
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224350 | for (const auto& intersection : intersections(gg.gridView(), element)) |
176 |
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117878 | if (intersection.neighbor()) |
177 |
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198038 | neighborColors.push_back(colors[eMapper.index(intersection.outside())]); |
178 | } | ||
179 | |||
180 | else | ||
181 | DUNE_THROW(Dune::NotImplemented, | ||
182 | "Missing coloring scheme implementation for this discretization method" | ||
183 | ); | ||
184 | 2640108 | } | |
185 | |||
186 | /*! | ||
187 | * \brief Find the smallest color (integer >= 0) _not_ present in the given list of colors | ||
188 | * \param colors list of colors which are already taken | ||
189 | * \param notAssigned container to store which colors are not yet taken (is resized as required) | ||
190 | */ | ||
191 | 1935801 | int smallestAvailableColor(const std::vector<int>& colors, | |
192 | std::vector<bool>& colorUsed) | ||
193 | { | ||
194 | 1935801 | const int numColors = colors.size(); | |
195 | 1935801 | colorUsed.assign(numColors, false); | |
196 | |||
197 | // The worst case for e.g. numColors=3 is colors={0, 1, 2} | ||
198 | // in which case we return 3 as smallest available color | ||
199 | // That means, we only track candidates in the (half-open) interval [0, numColors) | ||
200 | // Mark candidate colors which are present in colors | ||
201 |
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60313016 | for (int i = 0; i < numColors; i++) |
202 |
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116754430 | if (colors[i] >= 0 && colors[i] < numColors) |
203 | 74586993 | colorUsed[colors[i]] = true; | |
204 | |||
205 | // return smallest color not in colors | ||
206 |
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7869528 | for (int i = 0; i < numColors; i++) |
207 |
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23607234 | if (!colorUsed[i]) |
208 | 1935351 | return i; | |
209 | |||
210 | return numColors; | ||
211 | } | ||
212 | |||
213 | } // end namespace Dumux::Detail | ||
214 | #endif // DOXYGEN | ||
215 | |||
216 | namespace Dumux { | ||
217 | |||
218 | /*! | ||
219 | * \brief Compute iterable lists of element seeds partitioned by color | ||
220 | * | ||
221 | * Splits up the elements of a grid view into partitions such that | ||
222 | * all elements in one partition do not modify global data structures | ||
223 | * at the same place during assembly. This is used to allow for | ||
224 | * lock-free thread-parallel (shared memory) assembly routines. | ||
225 | * | ||
226 | * Implements a simply greedy graph coloring algorithm: | ||
227 | * For each node (element), assign the smallest available color | ||
228 | * not used by any of the neighboring nodes (element with conflicting memory access) | ||
229 | * The greedy algorithm doesn't necessarily return the smallest | ||
230 | * possible number of colors (that's a hard problem) but is fast | ||
231 | * | ||
232 | * Returns a struct with access to the colors of each element (member colors) | ||
233 | * and vector of element seed sets of the same color (member sets) | ||
234 | * | ||
235 | * \param gg the grid geometry | ||
236 | * \param verbosity the verbosity level | ||
237 | */ | ||
238 | template<class GridGeometry> | ||
239 | 362 | auto computeColoring(const GridGeometry& gg, int verbosity = 1) | |
240 | { | ||
241 | 362 | Dune::Timer timer; | |
242 | |||
243 | using ElementSeed = typename GridGeometry::GridView::Grid::template Codim<0>::EntitySeed; | ||
244 | struct Coloring | ||
245 | { | ||
246 | using Sets = std::deque<std::vector<ElementSeed>>; | ||
247 | using Colors = std::vector<int>; | ||
248 | |||
249 |
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362 | Coloring(std::size_t size) : sets{}, colors(size, -1) {} |
250 | |||
251 | Sets sets; | ||
252 | Colors colors; | ||
253 | }; | ||
254 | |||
255 | 729 | Coloring coloring(gg.gridView().size(0)); | |
256 | |||
257 | // pre-reserve some memory for helper arrays to avoid reallocation | ||
258 |
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724 | std::vector<int> neighborColors; neighborColors.reserve(30); |
259 |
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1086 | std::vector<bool> colorUsed; colorUsed.reserve(30); |
260 | |||
261 | // dof to element map to speed up neighbor search | ||
262 |
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724 | const auto connectedElements = Detail::computeConnectedElements(gg); |
263 | |||
264 |
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1170550 | for (const auto& element : elements(gg.gridView())) |
265 | { | ||
266 | // compute neighbor colors based on discretization-dependent stencil | ||
267 |
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698273 | neighborColors.clear(); |
268 |
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698273 | Detail::addNeighborColors(gg, element, coloring.colors, connectedElements, neighborColors); |
269 | |||
270 | // find smallest color (positive integer) not in neighborColors | ||
271 |
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698273 | const auto color = Detail::smallestAvailableColor(neighborColors, colorUsed); |
272 | |||
273 | // assign color to element | ||
274 |
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1400297 | coloring.colors[gg.elementMapper().index(element)] = color; |
275 | |||
276 | // add element to the set of elements with the same color | ||
277 |
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1396546 | if (color < coloring.sets.size()) |
278 |
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805537 | coloring.sets[color].push_back(element.seed()); |
279 | else | ||
280 |
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6586 | coloring.sets.push_back(std::vector<ElementSeed>{ element.seed() }); |
281 | } | ||
282 | |||
283 |
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362 | if (verbosity > 0) |
284 |
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729 | std::cout << Fmt::format("Colored {} elements with {} colors in {} seconds.\n", |
285 |
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362 | gg.gridView().size(0), coloring.sets.size(), timer.elapsed()); |
286 | |||
287 | 362 | return coloring; | |
288 | } | ||
289 | |||
290 | //! Traits specifying if a given discretization tag supports coloring | ||
291 | template<class DiscretizationMethod> | ||
292 | struct SupportsColoring : public std::false_type {}; | ||
293 | |||
294 | template<> struct SupportsColoring<DiscretizationMethods::CCTpfa> : public std::true_type {}; | ||
295 | template<> struct SupportsColoring<DiscretizationMethods::CCMpfa> : public std::true_type {}; | ||
296 | template<> struct SupportsColoring<DiscretizationMethods::Box> : public std::true_type {}; | ||
297 | template<> struct SupportsColoring<DiscretizationMethods::FCStaggered> : public std::true_type {}; | ||
298 | template<> struct SupportsColoring<DiscretizationMethods::FCDiamond> : public std::true_type {}; | ||
299 | template<> struct SupportsColoring<DiscretizationMethods::PQ1Bubble> : public std::true_type {}; | ||
300 | |||
301 | } // end namespace Dumux | ||
302 | |||
303 | #endif | ||
304 |