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| 1 | // -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- | ||
| 2 | // vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4: | ||
| 3 | // | ||
| 4 | // SPDX-FileCopyrightInfo: Copyright © DuMux Project contributors, see AUTHORS.md in root folder | ||
| 5 | // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later | ||
| 6 | // | ||
| 7 | /*! | ||
| 8 | * \file | ||
| 9 | * \ingroup Components | ||
| 10 | * \brief Setting constant fluid properties via the input file. | ||
| 11 | */ | ||
| 12 | #ifndef DUMUX_COMPONENTS_CONSTANT_HH | ||
| 13 | #define DUMUX_COMPONENTS_CONSTANT_HH | ||
| 14 | |||
| 15 | #include <dune/common/exceptions.hh> | ||
| 16 | #include <dumux/common/parameters.hh> | ||
| 17 | |||
| 18 | #include <dumux/material/idealgas.hh> | ||
| 19 | |||
| 20 | #include <dumux/material/components/base.hh> | ||
| 21 | #include <dumux/material/components/liquid.hh> | ||
| 22 | #include <dumux/material/components/gas.hh> | ||
| 23 | #include <dumux/material/components/solid.hh> | ||
| 24 | |||
| 25 | namespace Dumux { | ||
| 26 | namespace Components { | ||
| 27 | |||
| 28 | /*! | ||
| 29 | * \ingroup Components | ||
| 30 | * \brief A component which returns run time specified values | ||
| 31 | * for all fluid properties. | ||
| 32 | * | ||
| 33 | * \tparam id The id used to read from the input file / parametertree | ||
| 34 | * \tparam Scalar The type used for scalar values | ||
| 35 | * | ||
| 36 | * \note For the constant component with id=1 you would specify the parameters in the input file as follows | ||
| 37 | * \code{.ini} | ||
| 38 | * [1.Component] | ||
| 39 | * MolarMass = 0.018 # kg/mol | ||
| 40 | * \endcode | ||
| 41 | * \note If you only have one component you can also omit the "1.". | ||
| 42 | */ | ||
| 43 | template<int id, class Scalar> | ||
| 44 | class Constant | ||
| 45 | : public Components::Base<Scalar, Constant<id, Scalar> > | ||
| 46 | , public Components::Liquid<Scalar, Constant<id, Scalar> > | ||
| 47 | , public Components::Gas<Scalar, Constant<id, Scalar> > | ||
| 48 | , public Components::Solid<Scalar, Constant<id, Scalar> > | ||
| 49 | { | ||
| 50 | using IdealGas = Dumux::IdealGas<Scalar>; | ||
| 51 | |||
| 52 | public: | ||
| 53 | /*! | ||
| 54 | * \brief Returns true if the gas phase is assumed to be compressible | ||
| 55 | */ | ||
| 56 | static constexpr bool gasIsCompressible() | ||
| 57 | { return false; } | ||
| 58 | |||
| 59 | /*! | ||
| 60 | * \brief Returns true if the gas phase viscosity is constant | ||
| 61 | */ | ||
| 62 | static constexpr bool gasViscosityIsConstant() | ||
| 63 | { return true; } | ||
| 64 | |||
| 65 | /*! | ||
| 66 | * \brief Returns true if the gas phase is assumed to be ideal | ||
| 67 | */ | ||
| 68 | static constexpr bool gasIsIdeal() | ||
| 69 | { return true; } | ||
| 70 | |||
| 71 | /*! | ||
| 72 | * \brief Returns true if the liquid phase is assumed to be compressible | ||
| 73 | */ | ||
| 74 | static constexpr bool liquidIsCompressible() | ||
| 75 | { return false; } | ||
| 76 | |||
| 77 | /*! | ||
| 78 | * \brief Returns true if the liquid phase viscosity is constant | ||
| 79 | */ | ||
| 80 | static constexpr bool liquidViscosityIsConstant() | ||
| 81 | { return true; } | ||
| 82 | |||
| 83 | /*! | ||
| 84 | * \brief A human readable name for the component. | ||
| 85 | */ | ||
| 86 | 29 | static const std::string& name() | |
| 87 | { | ||
| 88 |
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29 | static const std::string name = getParamFromGroup<std::string>(std::to_string(id), "Component.Name", "component"); |
| 89 | 29 | return name; | |
| 90 | } | ||
| 91 | |||
| 92 | /*! | ||
| 93 | * \brief The mass in \f$\mathrm{[kg]}\f$ of one mole of the component. | ||
| 94 | */ | ||
| 95 | 93680219 | static Scalar molarMass() | |
| 96 | { | ||
| 97 |
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93680219 | static const Scalar molarMass = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.MolarMass"); |
| 98 | 93680219 | return molarMass; | |
| 99 | } | ||
| 100 | |||
| 101 | /*! | ||
| 102 | * \brief Returns the temperature \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ at the components's triple point. | ||
| 103 | */ | ||
| 104 | 179220 | static Scalar tripleTemperature() | |
| 105 | { | ||
| 106 |
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179220 | static const Scalar tripleTemperature = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.TripleTemperature"); |
| 107 | 179220 | return tripleTemperature; | |
| 108 | } | ||
| 109 | |||
| 110 | /*! | ||
| 111 | * \brief Returns the pressure \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ at the component's triple point. | ||
| 112 | */ | ||
| 113 | 179220 | static Scalar triplePressure() | |
| 114 | { | ||
| 115 |
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179220 | static const Scalar triplePressure = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.TriplePressure"); |
| 116 | 179220 | return triplePressure; | |
| 117 | } | ||
| 118 | |||
| 119 | /*! | ||
| 120 | * \brief The vaporization enthalpy in \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$ needed to vaporize one kilogram of the liquid component to the gaseous state | ||
| 121 | */ | ||
| 122 | 1314641 | static Scalar vaporizationEnthalpy() | |
| 123 | { | ||
| 124 |
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1314641 | static const Scalar vaporizationEnthalpy = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.EnthalpyOfVaporization"); |
| 125 | 1314641 | return vaporizationEnthalpy; | |
| 126 | } | ||
| 127 | |||
| 128 | |||
| 129 | /*! | ||
| 130 | * \brief Sets the liquid density in \f$\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\f$. | ||
| 131 | * | ||
| 132 | * \param temperature phase temperature in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 133 | * \param pressure phase pressure in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 134 | */ | ||
| 135 | 58918315 | static Scalar liquidDensity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 136 | { | ||
| 137 |
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58918315 | static const Scalar density = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidDensity"); |
| 138 | 58918315 | return density; | |
| 139 | } | ||
| 140 | |||
| 141 | /*! | ||
| 142 | * \brief The molar density in \f$\mathrm{[mol/m^3]}\f$ at a given pressure and temperature. | ||
| 143 | * | ||
| 144 | * \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 145 | * \param pressure pressure of component in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 146 | * | ||
| 147 | */ | ||
| 148 | static Scalar liquidMolarDensity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | ||
| 149 | { return liquidDensity(temperature, pressure)/molarMass(); } | ||
| 150 | |||
| 151 | /*! | ||
| 152 | * \brief Sets the liquid dynamic viscosity in \f$\mathrm{[Pa*s]}\f$. | ||
| 153 | * | ||
| 154 | * \note We look for Component.LiquidKinematicViscosity or Component.LiquidDynamicViscosity. | ||
| 155 | * If both parameters are specified, it is considered a configuration error because it can | ||
| 156 | * be ambiguous if defaults are specified for several constant components in the plain | ||
| 157 | * "Component" group (without ID-prefix). | ||
| 158 | * | ||
| 159 | * \param temperature phase temperature in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 160 | * \param pressure phase pressure in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 161 | */ | ||
| 162 | 51714660 | static Scalar liquidViscosity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 163 | { | ||
| 164 |
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51714842 | static const Scalar dynamicViscosity = [&] |
| 165 | { | ||
| 166 |
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910 | if (hasParamInGroup(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidKinematicViscosity")) |
| 167 | { | ||
| 168 |
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845 | if (hasParamInGroup(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidDynamicViscosity")) |
| 169 | ✗ | DUNE_THROW(Dune::InvalidStateException, "Found both Component.LiquidKinematicViscosity and Component.LiquidDynamicViscosity." | |
| 170 | << " Please only specify either the kinematic or the dynamic viscosity for all constant components to avoid ambiguities."); | ||
| 171 | |||
| 172 |
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169 | return getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidKinematicViscosity") * liquidDensity(temperature, pressure); |
| 173 | } | ||
| 174 | else | ||
| 175 |
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13 | return getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidDynamicViscosity"); |
| 176 |
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364 | }(); |
| 177 | |||
| 178 | 51714660 | return dynamicViscosity; | |
| 179 | } | ||
| 180 | |||
| 181 | /*! | ||
| 182 | * \brief Thermal conductivity of the component \f$\mathrm{[W/(m*K)]}\f$ as a liquid. | ||
| 183 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 184 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 185 | */ | ||
| 186 | 7031691 | static Scalar liquidThermalConductivity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 187 | { | ||
| 188 |
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7031691 | static const Scalar thermalConductivity = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidThermalConductivity"); |
| 189 | 7031691 | return thermalConductivity; | |
| 190 | } | ||
| 191 | |||
| 192 | /*! | ||
| 193 | * \brief Specific internal energy of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$ as a liquid. | ||
| 194 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 195 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 196 | */ | ||
| 197 | 7024266 | static Scalar liquidInternalEnergy(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 198 | { | ||
| 199 | // u = c * dT for incompressible fluids | ||
| 200 | 7024266 | const Scalar heatCapacity = liquidHeatCapacity(temperature, pressure); | |
| 201 |
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7024266 | static const Scalar tRef = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.ReferenceTemperature", 293.15); |
| 202 | 7024266 | return heatCapacity * (temperature - tRef); | |
| 203 | } | ||
| 204 | |||
| 205 | /*! | ||
| 206 | * \brief Specific enthalpy of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$ as a liquid. | ||
| 207 | * | ||
| 208 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 209 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 210 | */ | ||
| 211 | 7024266 | static Scalar liquidEnthalpy(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 212 | { | ||
| 213 | 7024266 | const Scalar u = liquidInternalEnergy(temperature, pressure); | |
| 214 | 7024266 | const Scalar rho = liquidDensity(temperature, pressure); | |
| 215 | 7024266 | return u + pressure / rho; | |
| 216 | } | ||
| 217 | |||
| 218 | /*! | ||
| 219 | * \brief Specific isobaric heat capacity of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/(kg*K)]}\f$ as a liquid. | ||
| 220 | * | ||
| 221 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 222 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 223 | */ | ||
| 224 | 7024367 | static Scalar liquidHeatCapacity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 225 | { | ||
| 226 |
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7024367 | static const Scalar heatCapacity = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidHeatCapacity"); |
| 227 | 7024367 | return heatCapacity; | |
| 228 | } | ||
| 229 | |||
| 230 | /*! | ||
| 231 | * \brief Sets the gas density in \f$\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\f$. | ||
| 232 | * | ||
| 233 | * \param temperature phase temperature in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 234 | * \param pressure phase pressure in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 235 | */ | ||
| 236 | 716986 | static Scalar gasDensity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 237 | { | ||
| 238 |
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716986 | static const Scalar density = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasDensity"); |
| 239 | 716986 | return density; | |
| 240 | } | ||
| 241 | |||
| 242 | /*! | ||
| 243 | * \brief The molar density in \f$\mathrm{[mol/m^3]}\f$ at a given pressure and temperature. | ||
| 244 | * | ||
| 245 | * \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 246 | * \param pressure pressure of component in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 247 | * | ||
| 248 | */ | ||
| 249 | static Scalar gasMolarDensity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | ||
| 250 | { return gasDensity(temperature, pressure)/molarMass(); } | ||
| 251 | |||
| 252 | |||
| 253 | /*! | ||
| 254 | * \brief Sets the gas dynamic viscosity in \f$\mathrm{[Pa*s]}\f$. | ||
| 255 | * | ||
| 256 | * \note We look for Component.GasKinematicViscosity or Component.GasDynamicViscosity. | ||
| 257 | * If both parameters are specified, it is considered a configuration error because it can | ||
| 258 | * be ambiguous if defaults are specified for several constant components in the plain | ||
| 259 | * "Component" group (without ID-prefix). | ||
| 260 | * | ||
| 261 | * \param temperature phase temperature in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 262 | * \param pressure phase pressure in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 263 | */ | ||
| 264 | 358541 | static Scalar gasViscosity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 265 | { | ||
| 266 |
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358546 | static const Scalar dynamicViscosity = [&] |
| 267 | { | ||
| 268 |
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25 | if (hasParamInGroup(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasKinematicViscosity")) |
| 269 | { | ||
| 270 |
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25 | if (hasParamInGroup(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasDynamicViscosity")) |
| 271 | ✗ | DUNE_THROW(Dune::InvalidStateException, "Found both Component.GasKinematicViscosity and Component.GasDynamicViscosity." | |
| 272 | << " Please only specify either the kinematic or the dynamic viscosity for all constant components to avoid ambiguities."); | ||
| 273 | |||
| 274 |
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5 | return getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasKinematicViscosity") * gasDensity(temperature, pressure); |
| 275 | } | ||
| 276 | else | ||
| 277 | ✗ | return getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasDynamicViscosity"); | |
| 278 |
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10 | }(); |
| 279 | |||
| 280 | 358541 | return dynamicViscosity; | |
| 281 | } | ||
| 282 | |||
| 283 | /*! | ||
| 284 | * \brief Thermal conductivity of the component \f$\mathrm{[W/(m*K)]}\f$ as a gas. | ||
| 285 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 286 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 287 | */ | ||
| 288 | 382541 | static Scalar gasThermalConductivity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 289 | { | ||
| 290 |
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382541 | static const Scalar thermalConductivity = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasThermalConductivity"); |
| 291 | 382541 | return thermalConductivity; | |
| 292 | } | ||
| 293 | |||
| 294 | /*! | ||
| 295 | * \brief Specific internal energy of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$ as a gas. | ||
| 296 | * | ||
| 297 | * Definition of enthalpy: \f$h= u + pv = u + p / \rho\f$. | ||
| 298 | * | ||
| 299 | * Rearranging for internal energy yields: \f$u = h - pv\f$. | ||
| 300 | * | ||
| 301 | * Exploiting the Ideal Gas assumption (\f$pv = R_{\textnormal{specific}} T\f$)gives: \f$u = h - R / M T \f$. | ||
| 302 | * | ||
| 303 | * The universal gas constant can only be used in the case of molar formulations. | ||
| 304 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 305 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 306 | */ | ||
| 307 | static Scalar gasInternalEnergy(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | ||
| 308 | { | ||
| 309 | // 1/molarMass: conversion from [J/(mol K)] to [J/(kg K)] | ||
| 310 | // R*T/molarMass: pressure *spec. volume for an ideal gas | ||
| 311 | return gasEnthalpy(temperature, pressure) - 1/molarMass()* IdealGas::R*temperature; | ||
| 312 | |||
| 313 | } | ||
| 314 | |||
| 315 | /*! | ||
| 316 | * \brief Specific enthalpy of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$ as a gas. | ||
| 317 | * | ||
| 318 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 319 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 320 | */ | ||
| 321 | 956201 | static Scalar gasEnthalpy(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 322 | { | ||
| 323 |
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956201 | static const Scalar tRef = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.ReferenceTemperature", 293.15); |
| 324 | 956201 | return gasHeatCapacity(temperature, pressure)*(temperature - tRef) + vaporizationEnthalpy(); | |
| 325 | } | ||
| 326 | |||
| 327 | /*! | ||
| 328 | * \brief Specific isobaric heat capacity of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/(kg*K)]}\f$ as a gas. | ||
| 329 | * | ||
| 330 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 331 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 332 | */ | ||
| 333 | 956302 | static Scalar gasHeatCapacity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 334 | { | ||
| 335 |
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956302 | static const Scalar heatCapacity = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasHeatCapacity"); |
| 336 | 956302 | return heatCapacity; | |
| 337 | } | ||
| 338 | |||
| 339 | /*! | ||
| 340 | * \brief The vapor pressure in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ of a the component | ||
| 341 | * at a given temperature. | ||
| 342 | * | ||
| 343 | *\param T temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 344 | * | ||
| 345 | * We use the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation to estimate the vapor pressure. Vapor pressure depends on the enthalpy of vaporization. We use the triple point pressure and temperature as a reference point. | ||
| 346 | */ | ||
| 347 | 179220 | static Scalar vaporPressure(Scalar T) | |
| 348 | { | ||
| 349 | 179220 | const Scalar p2 = triplePressure(); | |
| 350 | 179220 | const Scalar T2 = tripleTemperature(); | |
| 351 | 179220 | const Scalar exponent = -(vaporizationEnthalpy()*molarMass())/IdealGas::R*(1/T - 1/T2); | |
| 352 | |||
| 353 | using std::exp; | ||
| 354 | 179220 | const Scalar vaporPressure = p2*exp(exponent); | |
| 355 | 179220 | return vaporPressure; | |
| 356 | } | ||
| 357 | |||
| 358 | /*! | ||
| 359 | * \brief The density in \f$\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\f$ of the component at a given pressure in | ||
| 360 | * \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ and temperature in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$. | ||
| 361 | * | ||
| 362 | * \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 363 | */ | ||
| 364 | 94595726 | static Scalar solidDensity(Scalar temperature) | |
| 365 | { | ||
| 366 |
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94595726 | static const Scalar density = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.SolidDensity"); |
| 367 | 94595726 | return density; | |
| 368 | } | ||
| 369 | |||
| 370 | /*! | ||
| 371 | * \brief Thermal conductivity of the component \f$\mathrm{[W/(m*K)]}\f$ as a solid. | ||
| 372 | * \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 373 | */ | ||
| 374 | 94366686 | static Scalar solidThermalConductivity(Scalar temperature) | |
| 375 | { | ||
| 376 |
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94366686 | static const Scalar solidThermalConductivity = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.SolidThermalConductivity"); |
| 377 | 94366686 | return solidThermalConductivity; | |
| 378 | } | ||
| 379 | |||
| 380 | /*! | ||
| 381 | * \brief Specific isobaric heat capacity of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/(kg*K)]}\f$ as a solid. | ||
| 382 | * \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 383 | */ | ||
| 384 | 91070029 | static Scalar solidHeatCapacity(Scalar temperature) | |
| 385 | { | ||
| 386 |
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91070029 | static const Scalar solidHeatCapacity = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.SolidHeatCapacity"); |
| 387 | 91070029 | return solidHeatCapacity; | |
| 388 | } | ||
| 389 | }; | ||
| 390 | |||
| 391 | } // end namespace Components | ||
| 392 | |||
| 393 | } // end namespace Dumux | ||
| 394 | |||
| 395 | #endif | ||
| 396 |