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| 1 | // -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- | ||
| 2 | // vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4: | ||
| 3 | // | ||
| 4 | // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright © DuMux Project contributors, see AUTHORS.md in root folder | ||
| 5 | // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later | ||
| 6 | // | ||
| 7 | /*! | ||
| 8 | * \file | ||
| 9 | * \ingroup Components | ||
| 10 | * \brief Setting constant fluid properties via the input file. | ||
| 11 | */ | ||
| 12 | #ifndef DUMUX_COMPONENTS_CONSTANT_HH | ||
| 13 | #define DUMUX_COMPONENTS_CONSTANT_HH | ||
| 14 | |||
| 15 | #include <dune/common/exceptions.hh> | ||
| 16 | #include <dumux/common/parameters.hh> | ||
| 17 | |||
| 18 | #include <dumux/material/idealgas.hh> | ||
| 19 | |||
| 20 | #include <dumux/material/components/base.hh> | ||
| 21 | #include <dumux/material/components/liquid.hh> | ||
| 22 | #include <dumux/material/components/gas.hh> | ||
| 23 | #include <dumux/material/components/solid.hh> | ||
| 24 | |||
| 25 | namespace Dumux::Components { | ||
| 26 | |||
| 27 | /*! | ||
| 28 | * \ingroup Components | ||
| 29 | * \brief A component which returns run time specified values | ||
| 30 | * for all fluid properties. | ||
| 31 | * | ||
| 32 | * \tparam id The id used to read from the input file / parametertree | ||
| 33 | * \tparam Scalar The type used for scalar values | ||
| 34 | * | ||
| 35 | * \note For the constant component with id=1 you would specify the parameters in the input file as follows | ||
| 36 | * \code{.ini} | ||
| 37 | * [1.Component] | ||
| 38 | * MolarMass = 0.018 # kg/mol | ||
| 39 | * \endcode | ||
| 40 | * \note If you only have one component you can also omit the "1.". | ||
| 41 | */ | ||
| 42 | template<int id, class Scalar> | ||
| 43 | class Constant | ||
| 44 | : public Components::Base<Scalar, Constant<id, Scalar> > | ||
| 45 | , public Components::Liquid<Scalar, Constant<id, Scalar> > | ||
| 46 | , public Components::Gas<Scalar, Constant<id, Scalar> > | ||
| 47 | , public Components::Solid<Scalar, Constant<id, Scalar> > | ||
| 48 | { | ||
| 49 | using IdealGas = Dumux::IdealGas<Scalar>; | ||
| 50 | |||
| 51 | public: | ||
| 52 | /*! | ||
| 53 | * \brief Returns true if the gas phase is assumed to be compressible | ||
| 54 | */ | ||
| 55 | static constexpr bool gasIsCompressible() | ||
| 56 | { return false; } | ||
| 57 | |||
| 58 | /*! | ||
| 59 | * \brief Returns true if the gas phase viscosity is constant | ||
| 60 | */ | ||
| 61 | static constexpr bool gasViscosityIsConstant() | ||
| 62 | { return true; } | ||
| 63 | |||
| 64 | /*! | ||
| 65 | * \brief Returns true if the gas phase is assumed to be ideal | ||
| 66 | */ | ||
| 67 | static constexpr bool gasIsIdeal() | ||
| 68 | { return true; } | ||
| 69 | |||
| 70 | /*! | ||
| 71 | * \brief Returns true if the liquid phase is assumed to be compressible | ||
| 72 | */ | ||
| 73 | static constexpr bool liquidIsCompressible() | ||
| 74 | { return false; } | ||
| 75 | |||
| 76 | /*! | ||
| 77 | * \brief Returns true if the liquid phase viscosity is constant | ||
| 78 | */ | ||
| 79 | static constexpr bool liquidViscosityIsConstant() | ||
| 80 | { return true; } | ||
| 81 | |||
| 82 | /*! | ||
| 83 | * \brief A human readable name for the component. | ||
| 84 | */ | ||
| 85 | 29 | static const std::string& name() | |
| 86 | { | ||
| 87 |
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29 | static const std::string name = getParamFromGroup<std::string>(std::to_string(id), "Component.Name", "component"); |
| 88 | 29 | return name; | |
| 89 | } | ||
| 90 | |||
| 91 | /*! | ||
| 92 | * \brief The mass in \f$\mathrm{[kg]}\f$ of one mole of the component. | ||
| 93 | */ | ||
| 94 | 78656795 | static Scalar molarMass() | |
| 95 | { | ||
| 96 |
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78656795 | static const Scalar molarMass = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.MolarMass"); |
| 97 | 78656795 | return molarMass; | |
| 98 | } | ||
| 99 | |||
| 100 | /*! | ||
| 101 | * \brief Returns the temperature \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ at the components's triple point. | ||
| 102 | */ | ||
| 103 | 179220 | static Scalar tripleTemperature() | |
| 104 | { | ||
| 105 |
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179220 | static const Scalar tripleTemperature = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.TripleTemperature"); |
| 106 | 179220 | return tripleTemperature; | |
| 107 | } | ||
| 108 | |||
| 109 | /*! | ||
| 110 | * \brief Returns the pressure \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ at the component's triple point. | ||
| 111 | */ | ||
| 112 | 179220 | static Scalar triplePressure() | |
| 113 | { | ||
| 114 |
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179220 | static const Scalar triplePressure = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.TriplePressure"); |
| 115 | 179220 | return triplePressure; | |
| 116 | } | ||
| 117 | |||
| 118 | /*! | ||
| 119 | * \brief The vaporization enthalpy in \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$ needed to vaporize one kilogram of the liquid component to the gaseous state | ||
| 120 | */ | ||
| 121 | 1314641 | static Scalar vaporizationEnthalpy() | |
| 122 | { | ||
| 123 |
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1314641 | static const Scalar vaporizationEnthalpy = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.EnthalpyOfVaporization"); |
| 124 | 1314641 | return vaporizationEnthalpy; | |
| 125 | } | ||
| 126 | |||
| 127 | |||
| 128 | /*! | ||
| 129 | * \brief Sets the liquid density in \f$\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\f$. | ||
| 130 | * | ||
| 131 | * \param temperature phase temperature in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 132 | * \param pressure phase pressure in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 133 | */ | ||
| 134 | 61245774 | static Scalar liquidDensity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 135 | { | ||
| 136 |
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61245774 | static const Scalar density = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidDensity"); |
| 137 | 61245774 | return density; | |
| 138 | } | ||
| 139 | |||
| 140 | /*! | ||
| 141 | * \brief The molar density in \f$\mathrm{[mol/m^3]}\f$ at a given pressure and temperature. | ||
| 142 | * | ||
| 143 | * \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 144 | * \param pressure pressure of component in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 145 | * | ||
| 146 | */ | ||
| 147 | static Scalar liquidMolarDensity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | ||
| 148 | { return liquidDensity(temperature, pressure)/molarMass(); } | ||
| 149 | |||
| 150 | /*! | ||
| 151 | * \brief Sets the liquid dynamic viscosity in \f$\mathrm{[Pa*s]}\f$. | ||
| 152 | * | ||
| 153 | * \note We look for Component.LiquidKinematicViscosity or Component.LiquidDynamicViscosity. | ||
| 154 | * If both parameters are specified, it is considered a configuration error because it can | ||
| 155 | * be ambiguous if defaults are specified for several constant components in the plain | ||
| 156 | * "Component" group (without ID-prefix). | ||
| 157 | * | ||
| 158 | * \param temperature phase temperature in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 159 | * \param pressure phase pressure in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 160 | */ | ||
| 161 | 53826345 | static Scalar liquidViscosity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 162 | { | ||
| 163 |
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53826924 | static const Scalar dynamicViscosity = [&] |
| 164 | { | ||
| 165 |
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386 | if (hasParamInGroup(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidKinematicViscosity")) |
| 166 | { | ||
| 167 |
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348 | if (hasParamInGroup(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidDynamicViscosity")) |
| 168 | ✗ | DUNE_THROW(Dune::InvalidStateException, "Found both Component.LiquidKinematicViscosity and Component.LiquidDynamicViscosity." | |
| 169 | << " Please only specify either the kinematic or the dynamic viscosity for all constant components to avoid ambiguities."); | ||
| 170 | |||
| 171 |
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174 | return getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidKinematicViscosity") * liquidDensity(temperature, pressure); |
| 172 | } | ||
| 173 | else | ||
| 174 |
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19 | return getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidDynamicViscosity"); |
| 175 |
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193 | }(); |
| 176 | |||
| 177 | 53826345 | return dynamicViscosity; | |
| 178 | } | ||
| 179 | |||
| 180 | /*! | ||
| 181 | * \brief Thermal conductivity of the component \f$\mathrm{[W/(m*K)]}\f$ as a liquid. | ||
| 182 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 183 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 184 | */ | ||
| 185 | 7259106 | static Scalar liquidThermalConductivity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 186 | { | ||
| 187 |
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7259106 | static const Scalar thermalConductivity = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidThermalConductivity"); |
| 188 | 7259106 | return thermalConductivity; | |
| 189 | } | ||
| 190 | |||
| 191 | /*! | ||
| 192 | * \brief Specific internal energy of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$ as a liquid. | ||
| 193 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 194 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 195 | */ | ||
| 196 | 7240021 | static Scalar liquidInternalEnergy(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 197 | { | ||
| 198 | // u = c * dT for incompressible fluids | ||
| 199 | 7240021 | const Scalar heatCapacity = liquidHeatCapacity(temperature, pressure); | |
| 200 |
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7240021 | static const Scalar tRef = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.ReferenceTemperature", 293.15); |
| 201 | 7240021 | return heatCapacity * (temperature - tRef); | |
| 202 | } | ||
| 203 | |||
| 204 | /*! | ||
| 205 | * \brief Specific enthalpy of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$ as a liquid. | ||
| 206 | * | ||
| 207 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 208 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 209 | */ | ||
| 210 | 7240021 | static Scalar liquidEnthalpy(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 211 | { | ||
| 212 | 7240021 | const Scalar u = liquidInternalEnergy(temperature, pressure); | |
| 213 | 7240021 | const Scalar rho = liquidDensity(temperature, pressure); | |
| 214 | 7240021 | return u + pressure / rho; | |
| 215 | } | ||
| 216 | |||
| 217 | /*! | ||
| 218 | * \brief Specific isobaric heat capacity of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/(kg*K)]}\f$ as a liquid. | ||
| 219 | * | ||
| 220 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 221 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 222 | */ | ||
| 223 | 7240122 | static Scalar liquidHeatCapacity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 224 | { | ||
| 225 |
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7240122 | static const Scalar heatCapacity = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.LiquidHeatCapacity"); |
| 226 | 7240122 | return heatCapacity; | |
| 227 | } | ||
| 228 | |||
| 229 | /*! | ||
| 230 | * \brief Sets the gas density in \f$\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\f$. | ||
| 231 | * | ||
| 232 | * \param temperature phase temperature in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 233 | * \param pressure phase pressure in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 234 | */ | ||
| 235 | 716986 | static Scalar gasDensity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 236 | { | ||
| 237 |
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716986 | static const Scalar density = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasDensity"); |
| 238 | 716986 | return density; | |
| 239 | } | ||
| 240 | |||
| 241 | /*! | ||
| 242 | * \brief The molar density in \f$\mathrm{[mol/m^3]}\f$ at a given pressure and temperature. | ||
| 243 | * | ||
| 244 | * \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 245 | * \param pressure pressure of component in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 246 | * | ||
| 247 | */ | ||
| 248 | static Scalar gasMolarDensity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | ||
| 249 | { return gasDensity(temperature, pressure)/molarMass(); } | ||
| 250 | |||
| 251 | |||
| 252 | /*! | ||
| 253 | * \brief Sets the gas dynamic viscosity in \f$\mathrm{[Pa*s]}\f$. | ||
| 254 | * | ||
| 255 | * \note We look for Component.GasKinematicViscosity or Component.GasDynamicViscosity. | ||
| 256 | * If both parameters are specified, it is considered a configuration error because it can | ||
| 257 | * be ambiguous if defaults are specified for several constant components in the plain | ||
| 258 | * "Component" group (without ID-prefix). | ||
| 259 | * | ||
| 260 | * \param temperature phase temperature in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 261 | * \param pressure phase pressure in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 262 | */ | ||
| 263 | 358541 | static Scalar gasViscosity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 264 | { | ||
| 265 |
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358551 | static const Scalar dynamicViscosity = [&] |
| 266 | { | ||
| 267 |
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10 | if (hasParamInGroup(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasKinematicViscosity")) |
| 268 | { | ||
| 269 |
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10 | if (hasParamInGroup(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasDynamicViscosity")) |
| 270 | ✗ | DUNE_THROW(Dune::InvalidStateException, "Found both Component.GasKinematicViscosity and Component.GasDynamicViscosity." | |
| 271 | << " Please only specify either the kinematic or the dynamic viscosity for all constant components to avoid ambiguities."); | ||
| 272 | |||
| 273 |
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5 | return getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasKinematicViscosity") * gasDensity(temperature, pressure); |
| 274 | } | ||
| 275 | else | ||
| 276 | ✗ | return getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasDynamicViscosity"); | |
| 277 |
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5 | }(); |
| 278 | |||
| 279 | 358541 | return dynamicViscosity; | |
| 280 | } | ||
| 281 | |||
| 282 | /*! | ||
| 283 | * \brief Thermal conductivity of the component \f$\mathrm{[W/(m*K)]}\f$ as a gas. | ||
| 284 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 285 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 286 | */ | ||
| 287 | 382541 | static Scalar gasThermalConductivity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 288 | { | ||
| 289 |
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382541 | static const Scalar thermalConductivity = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasThermalConductivity"); |
| 290 | 382541 | return thermalConductivity; | |
| 291 | } | ||
| 292 | |||
| 293 | /*! | ||
| 294 | * \brief Specific internal energy of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$ as a gas. | ||
| 295 | * | ||
| 296 | * Definition of enthalpy: \f$h= u + pv = u + p / \rho\f$. | ||
| 297 | * | ||
| 298 | * Rearranging for internal energy yields: \f$u = h - pv\f$. | ||
| 299 | * | ||
| 300 | * Exploiting the Ideal Gas assumption (\f$pv = R_{\textnormal{specific}} T\f$)gives: \f$u = h - R / M T \f$. | ||
| 301 | * | ||
| 302 | * The universal gas constant can only be used in the case of molar formulations. | ||
| 303 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 304 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 305 | */ | ||
| 306 | static Scalar gasInternalEnergy(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | ||
| 307 | { | ||
| 308 | // 1/molarMass: conversion from [J/(mol K)] to [J/(kg K)] | ||
| 309 | // R*T/molarMass: pressure *spec. volume for an ideal gas | ||
| 310 | return gasEnthalpy(temperature, pressure) - 1/molarMass()* IdealGas::R*temperature; | ||
| 311 | |||
| 312 | } | ||
| 313 | |||
| 314 | /*! | ||
| 315 | * \brief Specific enthalpy of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$ as a gas. | ||
| 316 | * | ||
| 317 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 318 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 319 | */ | ||
| 320 | 956201 | static Scalar gasEnthalpy(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 321 | { | ||
| 322 |
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956201 | static const Scalar tRef = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.ReferenceTemperature", 293.15); |
| 323 | 956201 | return gasHeatCapacity(temperature, pressure)*(temperature - tRef) + vaporizationEnthalpy(); | |
| 324 | } | ||
| 325 | |||
| 326 | /*! | ||
| 327 | * \brief Specific isobaric heat capacity of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/(kg*K)]}\f$ as a gas. | ||
| 328 | * | ||
| 329 | * \param temperature temperature of phase in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 330 | * \param pressure pressure of phase in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ | ||
| 331 | */ | ||
| 332 | 956302 | static Scalar gasHeatCapacity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure) | |
| 333 | { | ||
| 334 |
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956302 | static const Scalar heatCapacity = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.GasHeatCapacity"); |
| 335 | 956302 | return heatCapacity; | |
| 336 | } | ||
| 337 | |||
| 338 | /*! | ||
| 339 | * \brief The vapor pressure in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ of a the component | ||
| 340 | * at a given temperature. | ||
| 341 | * | ||
| 342 | *\param T temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 343 | * | ||
| 344 | * We use the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation to estimate the vapor pressure. Vapor pressure depends on the enthalpy of vaporization. We use the triple point pressure and temperature as a reference point. | ||
| 345 | */ | ||
| 346 | 179220 | static Scalar vaporPressure(Scalar T) | |
| 347 | { | ||
| 348 | 179220 | const Scalar p2 = triplePressure(); | |
| 349 | 179220 | const Scalar T2 = tripleTemperature(); | |
| 350 | 179220 | const Scalar exponent = -(vaporizationEnthalpy()*molarMass())/IdealGas::R*(1/T - 1/T2); | |
| 351 | |||
| 352 | using std::exp; | ||
| 353 | 179220 | const Scalar vaporPressure = p2*exp(exponent); | |
| 354 | 179220 | return vaporPressure; | |
| 355 | } | ||
| 356 | |||
| 357 | /*! | ||
| 358 | * \brief The density in \f$\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\f$ of the component at a given pressure in | ||
| 359 | * \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ and temperature in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$. | ||
| 360 | * | ||
| 361 | * \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 362 | */ | ||
| 363 | 95489503 | static Scalar solidDensity(Scalar temperature) | |
| 364 | { | ||
| 365 |
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95489503 | static const Scalar density = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.SolidDensity"); |
| 366 | 95489503 | return density; | |
| 367 | } | ||
| 368 | |||
| 369 | /*! | ||
| 370 | * \brief Thermal conductivity of the component \f$\mathrm{[W/(m*K)]}\f$ as a solid. | ||
| 371 | * \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 372 | */ | ||
| 373 | 95260463 | static Scalar solidThermalConductivity(Scalar temperature) | |
| 374 | { | ||
| 375 |
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95260463 | static const Scalar solidThermalConductivity = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.SolidThermalConductivity"); |
| 376 | 95260463 | return solidThermalConductivity; | |
| 377 | } | ||
| 378 | |||
| 379 | /*! | ||
| 380 | * \brief Specific isobaric heat capacity of the component \f$\mathrm{[J/(kg*K)]}\f$ as a solid. | ||
| 381 | * \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ | ||
| 382 | */ | ||
| 383 | 91963806 | static Scalar solidHeatCapacity(Scalar temperature) | |
| 384 | { | ||
| 385 |
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91963806 | static const Scalar solidHeatCapacity = getParamFromGroup<Scalar>(std::to_string(id), "Component.SolidHeatCapacity"); |
| 386 | 91963806 | return solidHeatCapacity; | |
| 387 | } | ||
| 388 | }; | ||
| 389 | |||
| 390 | } // end namespace Dumux::Components | ||
| 391 | |||
| 392 | #endif | ||
| 393 |