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| 1 | // -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- | ||
| 2 | // vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4: | ||
| 3 | // | ||
| 4 | // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright © DuMux Project contributors, see AUTHORS.md in root folder | ||
| 5 | // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later | ||
| 6 | // | ||
| 7 | /*! | ||
| 8 | * \file | ||
| 9 | * \ingroup RANSTests | ||
| 10 | * \brief Pipe flow test for the staggered grid RANS model | ||
| 11 | * | ||
| 12 | * This test simulates pipe flow experiments performed by John Laufer in 1954 | ||
| 13 | * \cite Laufer1954a. | ||
| 14 | */ | ||
| 15 | #ifndef DUMUX_PIPE_LAUFER_PROBLEM_HH | ||
| 16 | #define DUMUX_PIPE_LAUFER_PROBLEM_HH | ||
| 17 | |||
| 18 | #include <dumux/common/properties.hh> | ||
| 19 | #include <dumux/common/parameters.hh> | ||
| 20 | #include <dumux/common/timeloop.hh> | ||
| 21 | #include <dumux/common/numeqvector.hh> | ||
| 22 | |||
| 23 | #include <dumux/freeflow/rans/boundarytypes.hh> | ||
| 24 | #include <dumux/freeflow/rans/problem.hh> | ||
| 25 | #include <dumux/freeflow/turbulencemodel.hh> | ||
| 26 | #include <dumux/freeflow/turbulenceproperties.hh> | ||
| 27 | |||
| 28 | namespace Dumux { | ||
| 29 | |||
| 30 | /*! | ||
| 31 | * \ingroup NavierStokesTests | ||
| 32 | * \brief Test problem for the one-phase (Navier-) Stokes problem in a channel. | ||
| 33 | * | ||
| 34 | * This test simulates is based on pipe flow experiments by | ||
| 35 | * John Laufers experiments in 1954 \cite Laufer1954a. | ||
| 36 | */ | ||
| 37 | template <class TypeTag> | ||
| 38 | class PipeLauferProblem : public RANSProblem<TypeTag> | ||
| 39 | { | ||
| 40 | using ParentType = RANSProblem<TypeTag>; | ||
| 41 | |||
| 42 | using FluidSystem = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::FluidSystem>; | ||
| 43 | using FluidState = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::FluidState>; | ||
| 44 | using GridGeometry = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::GridGeometry>; | ||
| 45 | using PrimaryVariables = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::PrimaryVariables>; | ||
| 46 | using NumEqVector = Dumux::NumEqVector<PrimaryVariables>; | ||
| 47 | using Scalar = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>; | ||
| 48 | |||
| 49 | static constexpr auto dimWorld = GridGeometry::GridView::dimensionworld; | ||
| 50 | using ModelTraits = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::ModelTraits>; | ||
| 51 | using Indices = typename GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::ModelTraits>::Indices; | ||
| 52 | using BoundaryTypes = Dumux::RANSBoundaryTypes<ModelTraits, ModelTraits::numEq()>; | ||
| 53 | using Element = typename GridGeometry::GridView::template Codim<0>::Entity; | ||
| 54 | using GlobalPosition = typename Element::Geometry::GlobalCoordinate; | ||
| 55 | using FVElementGeometry = typename GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::GridGeometry>::LocalView; | ||
| 56 | using SubControlVolume = typename FVElementGeometry::SubControlVolume; | ||
| 57 | using SubControlVolumeFace = typename FVElementGeometry::SubControlVolumeFace; | ||
| 58 | |||
| 59 | using TimeLoopPtr = std::shared_ptr<CheckPointTimeLoop<Scalar>>; | ||
| 60 | |||
| 61 | |||
| 62 | public: | ||
| 63 | 15 | PipeLauferProblem(std::shared_ptr<const GridGeometry> gridGeometry) | |
| 64 |
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45 | : ParentType(gridGeometry), eps_(1e-6) |
| 65 | { | ||
| 66 |
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15 | inletVelocity_ = getParam<Scalar>("Problem.InletVelocity"); |
| 67 |
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15 | inletTemperature_ = getParam<Scalar>("Problem.InletTemperature", 283.15); |
| 68 |
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15 | wallTemperature_ = getParam<Scalar>("Problem.WallTemperature", 303.15); |
| 69 | |||
| 70 | FluidSystem::init(); | ||
| 71 | Dumux::TurbulenceProperties<Scalar, dimWorld, true> turbulenceProperties; | ||
| 72 |
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15 | FluidState fluidState; |
| 73 | 15 | fluidState.setPressure(0, 1e5); | |
| 74 |
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15 | fluidState.setTemperature(this->spatialParams().temperatureAtPos({})); |
| 75 | 15 | Scalar density = FluidSystem::density(fluidState, 0); | |
| 76 | 15 | Scalar kinematicViscosity = FluidSystem::viscosity(fluidState, 0) / density; | |
| 77 |
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15 | Scalar diameter = this->gridGeometry().bBoxMax()[1] - this->gridGeometry().bBoxMin()[1]; |
| 78 | |||
| 79 | // ideally the viscosityTilde parameter as inflow for the Spalart-Allmaras model should be zero | ||
| 80 |
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15 | viscosityTilde_ = 1e-3 * turbulenceProperties.viscosityTilde(inletVelocity_, diameter, kinematicViscosity); |
| 81 |
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15 | turbulentKineticEnergy_ = turbulenceProperties.turbulentKineticEnergy(inletVelocity_, diameter, kinematicViscosity); |
| 82 | |||
| 83 | if (ModelTraits::turbulenceModel() == TurbulenceModel::komega || ModelTraits::turbulenceModel() == TurbulenceModel::sst) | ||
| 84 |
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5 | dissipation_ = turbulenceProperties.dissipationRate(inletVelocity_, diameter, kinematicViscosity); |
| 85 | else | ||
| 86 |
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10 | dissipation_ = turbulenceProperties.dissipation(inletVelocity_, diameter, kinematicViscosity); |
| 87 | |||
| 88 | if (ModelTraits::turbulenceModel() == TurbulenceModel::oneeq) | ||
| 89 |
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2 | initializationTime_ = getParam<Scalar>("TimeLoop.Initialization", 1.0); |
| 90 | else | ||
| 91 |
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13 | initializationTime_ = getParam<Scalar>("TimeLoop.Initialization", -1.0); |
| 92 | |||
| 93 |
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15 | turbulenceModelName_ = turbulenceModelToString(ModelTraits::turbulenceModel()); |
| 94 |
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15 | std::cout << "Using the "<< turbulenceModelName_ << " Turbulence Model. \n"; |
| 95 | 15 | std::cout << std::endl; | |
| 96 | 15 | } | |
| 97 | |||
| 98 | /*! | ||
| 99 | * \name Boundary conditions | ||
| 100 | */ | ||
| 101 | // \{ | ||
| 102 | |||
| 103 | /*! | ||
| 104 | * \brief Specifies which kind of boundary condition should be | ||
| 105 | * used for which equation on a given boundary control volume. | ||
| 106 | * | ||
| 107 | * \param globalPos The position of the center of the finite volume | ||
| 108 | */ | ||
| 109 | 242886163 | BoundaryTypes boundaryTypesAtPos(const GlobalPosition &globalPos) const | |
| 110 | { | ||
| 111 | 242886163 | BoundaryTypes values; | |
| 112 | |||
| 113 | // common boundary types for all turbulence models | ||
| 114 |
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242886163 | if(isOutlet_(globalPos)) |
| 115 | 19594712 | values.setDirichlet(Indices::pressureIdx); | |
| 116 | else | ||
| 117 | { | ||
| 118 | 223291451 | values.setDirichlet(Indices::velocityXIdx); | |
| 119 | 223291451 | values.setDirichlet(Indices::velocityYIdx); | |
| 120 | } | ||
| 121 | |||
| 122 |
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242886163 | if (isLowerWall_(globalPos) || isUpperWall_(globalPos)) // All walls |
| 123 |
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242886163 | values.setWall(); |
| 124 | |||
| 125 | #if NONISOTHERMAL | ||
| 126 |
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105467475 | if(isOutlet_(globalPos)) |
| 127 | 11456862 | values.setOutflow(Indices::energyEqIdx); | |
| 128 | else | ||
| 129 | 94010613 | values.setDirichlet(Indices::temperatureIdx); | |
| 130 | #endif | ||
| 131 | // turbulence model-specific boundary types | ||
| 132 | 240721791 | setBcTypes_(values, globalPos); | |
| 133 | |||
| 134 | 242886163 | return values; | |
| 135 | } | ||
| 136 | |||
| 137 | /*! | ||
| 138 | * \brief Returns whether a fixed Dirichlet value shall be used inside a given cell. | ||
| 139 | * | ||
| 140 | * \param element The finite element | ||
| 141 | * \param fvGeometry The finite-volume geometry | ||
| 142 | * \param scv The sub control volume | ||
| 143 | * \param pvIdx The primary variable index in the solution vector | ||
| 144 | */ | ||
| 145 | template<class Element, class FVElementGeometry, class SubControlVolume> | ||
| 146 | 57385236 | bool isDirichletCell(const Element& element, | |
| 147 | const FVElementGeometry& fvGeometry, | ||
| 148 | const SubControlVolume& scv, | ||
| 149 | int pvIdx) const | ||
| 150 |
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57385236 | { return isDirichletCell_(element, fvGeometry, scv, pvIdx); } |
| 151 | |||
| 152 | /*! | ||
| 153 | * \brief Evaluate the boundary conditions for dirichlet values at the given boundary. | ||
| 154 | * | ||
| 155 | * \param element The finite element | ||
| 156 | * \param scvf the sub control volume face | ||
| 157 | * \note used for cell-centered discretization schemes | ||
| 158 | */ | ||
| 159 | 16790462 | PrimaryVariables dirichlet(const Element& element, const SubControlVolumeFace& scvf) const | |
| 160 | { | ||
| 161 | 16790462 | const auto globalPos = scvf.ipGlobal(); | |
| 162 |
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16110130 | PrimaryVariables values(initialAtPos(globalPos)); |
| 163 | |||
| 164 | #if NONISOTHERMAL | ||
| 165 |
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7236692 | values[Indices::temperatureIdx] = (isLowerWall_(globalPos) || isUpperWall_(globalPos)) ? wallTemperature_ : inletTemperature_; |
| 166 | #endif | ||
| 167 | |||
| 168 | 7236692 | return values; | |
| 169 | } | ||
| 170 | |||
| 171 | /*! | ||
| 172 | * \brief Evaluate the boundary conditions for fixed values at cell centers | ||
| 173 | * | ||
| 174 | * \param element The finite element | ||
| 175 | * \param scv the sub control volume | ||
| 176 | * \note used for cell-centered discretization schemes | ||
| 177 | */ | ||
| 178 | 3831222 | PrimaryVariables dirichlet([[maybe_unused]] const Element& element, const SubControlVolume& scv) const | |
| 179 | { | ||
| 180 | if constexpr (ModelTraits::turbulenceModel() == TurbulenceModel::kepsilon | ||
| 181 | || ModelTraits::turbulenceModel() == TurbulenceModel::komega | ||
| 182 | || ModelTraits::turbulenceModel() == TurbulenceModel::sst) | ||
| 183 | 3831222 | return dirichletTurbulentTwoEq_(element, scv); | |
| 184 | else | ||
| 185 | { | ||
| 186 | const auto globalPos = scv.center(); | ||
| 187 | PrimaryVariables values(initialAtPos(globalPos)); | ||
| 188 | return values; | ||
| 189 | } | ||
| 190 | } | ||
| 191 | |||
| 192 | /*! | ||
| 193 | * \brief Evaluate the initial value at the given global position. | ||
| 194 | * | ||
| 195 | * \param globalPos The global position | ||
| 196 | */ | ||
| 197 | 103181226 | PrimaryVariables initialAtPos(const GlobalPosition& globalPos) const | |
| 198 | { | ||
| 199 | // common initial conditions for all turbulence models | ||
| 200 |
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103181226 | PrimaryVariables values(0.0); |
| 201 | 103181226 | values[Indices::pressureIdx] = 1.0e+5; | |
| 202 |
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103181226 | values[Indices::velocityXIdx] = time() > initializationTime_ |
| 203 |
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103181226 | ? inletVelocity_ |
| 204 | 4634528 | : time() / initializationTime_ * inletVelocity_; | |
| 205 |
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103181226 | if (isLowerWall_(globalPos) || isUpperWall_(globalPos)) |
| 206 | 8042352 | values[Indices::velocityXIdx] = 0.0; | |
| 207 | #if NONISOTHERMAL | ||
| 208 |
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39792528 | values[Indices::temperatureIdx] = (isLowerWall_(globalPos) || isUpperWall_(globalPos)) ? wallTemperature_ : inletTemperature_; |
| 209 | #endif | ||
| 210 | // turbulence model-specific initial conditions | ||
| 211 | 96940442 | setInitialAtPos_(values, globalPos); | |
| 212 | 103181226 | return values; | |
| 213 | } | ||
| 214 | |||
| 215 | // \} | ||
| 216 | |||
| 217 | 15 | void setTimeLoop(TimeLoopPtr timeLoop) | |
| 218 |
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15 | { timeLoop_ = timeLoop; } |
| 219 | |||
| 220 | 103181226 | Scalar time() const | |
| 221 |
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103181226 | { return timeLoop_->time(); } |
| 222 | |||
| 223 | private: | ||
| 224 | bool isInlet_(const GlobalPosition& globalPos) const | ||
| 225 | { return globalPos[0] < this->gridGeometry().bBoxMin()[0] + eps_; } | ||
| 226 | |||
| 227 |
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242886163 | bool isOutlet_(const GlobalPosition& globalPos) const |
| 228 |
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589075429 | { return globalPos[0] > this->gridGeometry().bBoxMax()[0] - eps_; } |
| 229 | |||
| 230 |
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353304081 | bool isLowerWall_(const GlobalPosition& globalPos) const |
| 231 |
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490037051 | { return globalPos[1] < this->gridGeometry().bBoxMin()[1] + eps_; } |
| 232 | |||
| 233 |
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470834533 | bool isUpperWall_(const GlobalPosition& globalPos) const |
| 234 |
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470834533 | { return globalPos[1] > this->gridGeometry().bBoxMax()[1] - eps_; } |
| 235 | |||
| 236 | //! Initial conditions for the komega, kepsilon and lowrekepsilon turbulence models | ||
| 237 | 96940442 | void setInitialAtPos_([[maybe_unused]] PrimaryVariables& values, | |
| 238 | [[maybe_unused]] const GlobalPosition &globalPos) const | ||
| 239 | { | ||
| 240 | if constexpr (numTurbulenceEq(ModelTraits::turbulenceModel()) == 0) // zero equation models | ||
| 241 | return; | ||
| 242 | else if constexpr (numTurbulenceEq(ModelTraits::turbulenceModel()) == 1) // one equation models | ||
| 243 | { | ||
| 244 |
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10530860 | values[Indices::viscosityTildeIdx] = viscosityTilde_; |
| 245 |
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10530860 | if (isLowerWall_(globalPos) || isUpperWall_(globalPos)) |
| 246 | 865628 | values[Indices::viscosityTildeIdx] = 0.0; | |
| 247 | } | ||
| 248 | else // two equation models | ||
| 249 | { | ||
| 250 | static_assert(numTurbulenceEq(ModelTraits::turbulenceModel()) == 2, "Only reached by 2eq models"); | ||
| 251 |
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86409582 | values[Indices::turbulentKineticEnergyIdx] = turbulentKineticEnergy_; |
| 252 |
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86409582 | values[Indices::dissipationIdx] = dissipation_; |
| 253 |
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86409582 | if (isLowerWall_(globalPos) || isUpperWall_(globalPos)) |
| 254 | { | ||
| 255 | 6674520 | values[Indices::turbulentKineticEnergyIdx] = 0.0; | |
| 256 | 6674520 | values[Indices::dissipationIdx] = 0.0; | |
| 257 | } | ||
| 258 | } | ||
| 259 | } | ||
| 260 | |||
| 261 | //! Boundary condition types for the one-eq turbulence model | ||
| 262 |
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240721791 | void setBcTypes_([[maybe_unused]] BoundaryTypes& values, |
| 263 | [[maybe_unused]] const GlobalPosition& pos) const | ||
| 264 | { | ||
| 265 | if constexpr (numTurbulenceEq(ModelTraits::turbulenceModel()) == 0) // zero equation models | ||
| 266 | return; | ||
| 267 | else if constexpr (numTurbulenceEq(ModelTraits::turbulenceModel()) == 1) // one equation models | ||
| 268 | { | ||
| 269 |
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12983884 | if(isOutlet_(pos)) |
| 270 | 1836194 | values.setOutflow(Indices::viscosityTildeIdx); | |
| 271 | else // walls and inflow | ||
| 272 | 11147690 | values.setDirichlet(Indices::viscosityTildeIdx); | |
| 273 | } | ||
| 274 | else // two equation models | ||
| 275 | { | ||
| 276 | static_assert(numTurbulenceEq(ModelTraits::turbulenceModel()) == 2, "Only reached by 2eq models"); | ||
| 277 |
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227737907 | if(isOutlet_(pos)) |
| 278 | { | ||
| 279 | 16791972 | values.setOutflow(Indices::turbulentKineticEnergyEqIdx); | |
| 280 | 16791972 | values.setOutflow(Indices::dissipationEqIdx); | |
| 281 | } | ||
| 282 | else | ||
| 283 | { | ||
| 284 | // walls and inflow | ||
| 285 | 210945935 | values.setDirichlet(Indices::turbulentKineticEnergyIdx); | |
| 286 | 210945935 | values.setDirichlet(Indices::dissipationIdx); | |
| 287 | } | ||
| 288 | } | ||
| 289 | 227737907 | } | |
| 290 | |||
| 291 | template<class Element, class FVElementGeometry, class SubControlVolume> | ||
| 292 | 57385236 | bool isDirichletCell_([[maybe_unused]] const Element& element, | |
| 293 | const FVElementGeometry& fvGeometry, | ||
| 294 | [[maybe_unused]] const SubControlVolume& scv, | ||
| 295 | const int& pvIdx) const | ||
| 296 | { | ||
| 297 | if constexpr (ModelTraits::turbulenceModel() == TurbulenceModel::kepsilon) | ||
| 298 | { | ||
| 299 | 29089300 | const auto eIdx = fvGeometry.gridGeometry().elementMapper().index(element); | |
| 300 | // For the kepsilon model we set fixed values within the matching point and at the wall | ||
| 301 |
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29089300 | if (this->inNearWallRegion(eIdx)) |
| 302 | 4241312 | return pvIdx == Indices::turbulentKineticEnergyEqIdx || pvIdx == Indices::dissipationEqIdx; | |
| 303 |
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24847988 | if (this->isMatchingPoint(eIdx)) |
| 304 | 2885116 | return pvIdx == Indices::dissipationEqIdx; | |
| 305 | return false; | ||
| 306 | } | ||
| 307 | else if constexpr (ModelTraits::turbulenceModel() == TurbulenceModel::komega || | ||
| 308 | ModelTraits::turbulenceModel() == TurbulenceModel::sst) | ||
| 309 | { | ||
| 310 | // For the komega model we set a fixed dissipation (omega) for all cells at the wall | ||
| 311 |
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140367160 | for (const auto& scvf : scvfs(fvGeometry)) |
| 312 |
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112812904 | if (this->boundaryTypes(element, scvf).hasWall() && pvIdx == Indices::dissipationIdx) |
| 313 | 741680 | return true; | |
| 314 | return false; | ||
| 315 | } | ||
| 316 | else | ||
| 317 | return ParentType::isDirichletCell(element, fvGeometry, scv, pvIdx); | ||
| 318 | } | ||
| 319 | |||
| 320 | //! Specialization for the kepsilon and komega | ||
| 321 | template<class Element, class SubControlVolume> | ||
| 322 | 3831222 | PrimaryVariables dirichletTurbulentTwoEq_(const Element& element, | |
| 323 | const SubControlVolume& scv) const | ||
| 324 | { | ||
| 325 | 3831222 | const auto globalPos = scv.center(); | |
| 326 | 3831222 | PrimaryVariables values(initialAtPos(globalPos)); | |
| 327 | 3831222 | unsigned int elementIdx = this->gridGeometry().elementMapper().index(element); | |
| 328 | |||
| 329 | if constexpr (ModelTraits::turbulenceModel() == TurbulenceModel::kepsilon) | ||
| 330 | { | ||
| 331 | // For the kepsilon model we set a fixed value for the turbulent kinetic energy and the dissipation | ||
| 332 | 3110838 | values[Indices::turbulentKineticEnergyEqIdx] = this->turbulentKineticEnergyWallFunction(elementIdx); | |
| 333 | 3110838 | values[Indices::dissipationEqIdx] = this->dissipationWallFunction(elementIdx); | |
| 334 | 3110838 | return values; | |
| 335 | } | ||
| 336 | else | ||
| 337 | { | ||
| 338 | static_assert(ModelTraits::turbulenceModel() == TurbulenceModel::komega | ||
| 339 | || ModelTraits::turbulenceModel() == TurbulenceModel::sst, "Only valid for Komega"); | ||
| 340 | // For the komega model we set a fixed value for the dissipation | ||
| 341 | 720384 | const auto wallDistance = ParentType::wallDistance(elementIdx); | |
| 342 | using std::pow; | ||
| 343 | 720384 | values[Indices::dissipationEqIdx] = 6.0 * ParentType::kinematicViscosity(elementIdx) | |
| 344 | 720384 | / (ParentType::betaOmega() * wallDistance * wallDistance); | |
| 345 | 720384 | return values; | |
| 346 | } | ||
| 347 | } | ||
| 348 | |||
| 349 | Scalar eps_; | ||
| 350 | Scalar inletVelocity_; | ||
| 351 | Scalar inletTemperature_; | ||
| 352 | Scalar wallTemperature_; | ||
| 353 | Scalar initializationTime_; | ||
| 354 | Scalar viscosityTilde_; | ||
| 355 | Scalar turbulentKineticEnergy_; | ||
| 356 | Scalar dissipation_; | ||
| 357 | std::string turbulenceModelName_; | ||
| 358 | TimeLoopPtr timeLoop_; | ||
| 359 | }; | ||
| 360 | } // end namespace Dumux | ||
| 361 | |||
| 362 | #endif | ||
| 363 |