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| 1 | // -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- | ||
| 2 | // vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4: | ||
| 3 | // | ||
| 4 | // SPDX-FileCopyrightInfo: Copyright © DuMux Project contributors, see AUTHORS.md in root folder | ||
| 5 | // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later | ||
| 6 | // | ||
| 7 | /*! | ||
| 8 | * \file | ||
| 9 | * \ingroup EmbeddedTests | ||
| 10 | * \brief The root problem for the benchmark cases C1.2a/b from Schnepf et al (2020) https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00316 | ||
| 11 | */ | ||
| 12 | #ifndef DUMUX_TEST_ROOT_SOIL_BENCHMARK_ROOT_PROBLEM_HH | ||
| 13 | #define DUMUX_TEST_ROOT_SOIL_BENCHMARK_ROOT_PROBLEM_HH | ||
| 14 | |||
| 15 | #include <dumux/common/parameters.hh> | ||
| 16 | #include <dumux/common/properties.hh> | ||
| 17 | #include <dumux/common/boundarytypes.hh> | ||
| 18 | #include <dumux/common/numeqvector.hh> | ||
| 19 | #include <dumux/porousmediumflow/problem.hh> | ||
| 20 | #include <dumux/discretization/evalsolution.hh> | ||
| 21 | #include <dumux/discretization/elementsolution.hh> | ||
| 22 | |||
| 23 | #include "couplingreconstruction.hh" | ||
| 24 | |||
| 25 | namespace Dumux { | ||
| 26 | |||
| 27 | /*! | ||
| 28 | * \ingroup EmbeddedTests | ||
| 29 | * \brief The root problem for the benchmark cases C1.2a/b from Schnepf et al (2020) https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00316 | ||
| 30 | */ | ||
| 31 | template <class TypeTag> | ||
| 32 | class RootProblem : public PorousMediumFlowProblem<TypeTag> | ||
| 33 | { | ||
| 34 | using ParentType = PorousMediumFlowProblem<TypeTag>; | ||
| 35 | using Scalar = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>; | ||
| 36 | using PointSource = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::PointSource>; | ||
| 37 | using Indices = typename GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::ModelTraits>::Indices; | ||
| 38 | using PrimaryVariables = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::PrimaryVariables>; | ||
| 39 | using NumEqVector = Dumux::NumEqVector<PrimaryVariables>; | ||
| 40 | using BoundaryTypes = Dumux::BoundaryTypes<PrimaryVariables::size()>; | ||
| 41 | using GridGeometry = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::GridGeometry>; | ||
| 42 | using GridView = typename GridGeometry::GridView; | ||
| 43 | using FVElementGeometry = typename GridGeometry::LocalView; | ||
| 44 | using SubControlVolume = typename GridGeometry::SubControlVolume; | ||
| 45 | using SubControlVolumeFace = typename GridGeometry::SubControlVolumeFace; | ||
| 46 | using GlobalPosition = typename GridGeometry::GlobalCoordinate; | ||
| 47 | using SolutionVector = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::SolutionVector>; | ||
| 48 | using GridVariables = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::GridVariables>; | ||
| 49 | using Element = typename GridView::template Codim<0>::Entity; | ||
| 50 | using CouplingManager = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::CouplingManager>; | ||
| 51 | |||
| 52 | public: | ||
| 53 | enum BCType | ||
| 54 | { constCollarPressure, constTranspiration, cyclicTranspiration }; | ||
| 55 | |||
| 56 | template<class SpatialParams> | ||
| 57 | 2 | RootProblem(std::shared_ptr<const GridGeometry> gridGeometry, | |
| 58 | std::shared_ptr<SpatialParams> spatialParams, | ||
| 59 | std::shared_ptr<CouplingManager> couplingManager, | ||
| 60 | const GlobalPosition& domainSize) | ||
| 61 | : ParentType(gridGeometry, spatialParams, "Root") | ||
| 62 |
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8 | , couplingManager_(couplingManager) |
| 63 | { | ||
| 64 | // read parameters from input file | ||
| 65 |
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4 | name_ = getParamFromGroup<std::string>(this->paramGroup(), "Problem.Name"); |
| 66 |
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2 | criticalCollarPressure_ = getParam<Scalar>("BoundaryConditions.CriticalCollarPressure", -1.4e6); // in Pa |
| 67 |
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2 | initialRootPressure_ = getParam<Scalar>("BoundaryConditions.InitialRootPressure", -1e5); // in Pa |
| 68 |
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2 | dailyTranspirationRate_ = getParam<Scalar>("BoundaryConditions.DailyTranspirationRate", 1.0); // mm/day |
| 69 |
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4 | dailyTranspirationRate_ *= domainSize[0]*domainSize[1]/86400.0; // kg/s (domain size in m, kg->g=mm->m) |
| 70 | |||
| 71 |
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2 | const auto bcType = getParam<std::string>("BoundaryConditions.BoundaryType", "CyclicTranspiration"); |
| 72 |
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2 | if (bcType == "CyclicTranspiration") bcType_ = BCType::cyclicTranspiration; |
| 73 | ✗ | else if (bcType == "ConstCollarPressure") bcType_ = BCType::constCollarPressure; | |
| 74 | ✗ | else if (bcType == "ConstTranspiration") bcType_ = BCType::constTranspiration; | |
| 75 | ✗ | else DUNE_THROW(Dune::InvalidStateException, "Unknown BCType: " << bcType); | |
| 76 | |||
| 77 |
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2 | bcSmoothingParam_ = getParam<Scalar>("BoundaryConditions.SmoothingK", 0.1); |
| 78 |
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2 | kernelWidthFactor_ = getParam<Scalar>("MixedDimension.KernelWidthFactor"); |
| 79 | 2 | } | |
| 80 | |||
| 81 | const std::string& name() const | ||
| 82 |
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2 | { return name_; } |
| 83 | |||
| 84 | BoundaryTypes boundaryTypesAtPos(const GlobalPosition &globalPos) const | ||
| 85 | { | ||
| 86 |
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195888 | BoundaryTypes values; |
| 87 | 195888 | values.setAllNeumann(); | |
| 88 | |||
| 89 |
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195888 | if (bcType_ == BCType::constCollarPressure) |
| 90 | ✗ | if (globalPos[2] + eps_ > this->gridGeometry().bBoxMax()[2]) | |
| 91 | values.setAllDirichlet(); | ||
| 92 | |||
| 93 | return values; | ||
| 94 | } | ||
| 95 | |||
| 96 | ✗ | PrimaryVariables dirichletAtPos(const GlobalPosition& globalPos) const | |
| 97 | ✗ | { return PrimaryVariables(criticalCollarPressure_); } | |
| 98 | |||
| 99 | template<class ElementVolumeVariables, class ElementFluxVarsCache> | ||
| 100 | 262482 | NumEqVector neumann(const Element& element, | |
| 101 | const FVElementGeometry& fvGeometry, | ||
| 102 | const ElementVolumeVariables& elemVolVars, | ||
| 103 | const ElementFluxVarsCache& elemFluxVarsCache, | ||
| 104 | const SubControlVolumeFace& scvf) const | ||
| 105 | { | ||
| 106 |
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262482 | NumEqVector values(0.0); |
| 107 | |||
| 108 | // set transpiration rate at the root collar | ||
| 109 | 262482 | const auto globalPos = scvf.center(); | |
| 110 |
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1312410 | if (globalPos[2] + eps_ > this->gridGeometry().bBoxMax()[2]) |
| 111 | { | ||
| 112 | // if the plant has water stress reduce the transpiration rate (imposing Dirichlet boundary condition weakly) | ||
| 113 | 15908 | const auto& volVars = elemVolVars[scvf.insideScvIdx()]; | |
| 114 | 15908 | const auto dist = fvGeometry.scv(scvf.insideScvIdx()).volume(); | |
| 115 | 7954 | const auto elemSol = elementSolution(element, elemVolVars, fvGeometry); | |
| 116 | 7954 | const auto p = evalSolution(element, element.geometry(), elemSol, globalPos)[0]; | |
| 117 | 23862 | const auto eIdx = this->gridGeometry().elementMapper().index(element); | |
| 118 |
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15908 | const Scalar Kx = this->spatialParams().Kx(eIdx); |
| 119 |
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7954 | const auto rho = volVars.density(0); |
| 120 | 7954 | const Scalar criticalTranspiration = rho*Kx*(p - criticalCollarPressure_ - rho*9.81*dist)/dist; | |
| 121 | 15908 | values[Indices::conti0EqIdx] = smoothMin(potentialTranspirationRate(), criticalTranspiration, dailyTranspirationRate_*bcSmoothingParam_); | |
| 122 | 7954 | values /= volVars.extrusionFactor() * scvf.area(); // convert from kg/s to kg/(s*m^2) | |
| 123 | } | ||
| 124 | |||
| 125 | 262482 | return values; | |
| 126 | } | ||
| 127 | |||
| 128 | //! Smooth minimum function | ||
| 129 | ✗ | Scalar smoothMin(const Scalar a, const Scalar b, const Scalar k) const | |
| 130 | { | ||
| 131 | using std::max; using std::min; using std::abs; | ||
| 132 |
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7954 | const auto h = max(k-abs(a-b), 0.0 )/k; |
| 133 |
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6514 | return min(a, b) - h*h*h*k*(1.0/6.0); |
| 134 | } | ||
| 135 | |||
| 136 | //! Compute potential transpiration rate in kg/s | ||
| 137 | 5279 | Scalar potentialTranspirationRate() const | |
| 138 | { | ||
| 139 | // possibly make the transpiration rate dependent on the current root length for growth | ||
| 140 |
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5279 | if (bcType_ == BCType::cyclicTranspiration) |
| 141 | 5279 | return dailyTranspirationRate_*std::sin(time_*2.0*M_PI / 86400.0 - M_PI/2.0) + dailyTranspirationRate_; | |
| 142 | ✗ | else if (bcType_ == BCType::constTranspiration) | |
| 143 | ✗ | return dailyTranspirationRate_; | |
| 144 | else | ||
| 145 | return std::numeric_limits<Scalar>::max(); | ||
| 146 | } | ||
| 147 | |||
| 148 | void addPointSources(std::vector<PointSource>& pointSources) const | ||
| 149 |
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2 | { pointSources = this->couplingManager().lowDimPointSources(); } |
| 150 | |||
| 151 | template<class ElementVolumeVariables> | ||
| 152 | 9148794 | void pointSource(PointSource& source, | |
| 153 | const Element &element, | ||
| 154 | const FVElementGeometry& fvGeometry, | ||
| 155 | const ElementVolumeVariables& elemVolVars, | ||
| 156 | const SubControlVolume &scv) const | ||
| 157 | { | ||
| 158 | // compute source at every integration point | ||
| 159 | 9148794 | const auto id = source.id(); | |
| 160 | |||
| 161 | 27446382 | const Scalar p0 = this->couplingManager().bulkPriVars(id)[Indices::pressureIdx]; | |
| 162 | 27446382 | const Scalar pRoot = this->couplingManager().lowDimPriVars(id)[Indices::pressureIdx]; | |
| 163 | 27446382 | const Scalar radius = this->couplingManager().radius(id); | |
| 164 | 27446382 | const auto lEIdx = this->couplingManager().pointSourceData(id).lowDimElementIdx(); | |
| 165 | 27446382 | const auto bEIdx = this->couplingManager().pointSourceData(id).bulkElementIdx(); | |
| 166 | 18297588 | const Scalar Kr = this->spatialParams().Kr(lEIdx); | |
| 167 | 9148794 | const Scalar kernelRadius = kernelWidthFactor_*radius; | |
| 168 | 9148794 | const Scalar density = 1000; | |
| 169 | 9148794 | const Scalar viscosity = 1e-3; | |
| 170 | 27446382 | const Scalar delta = this->couplingManager().averageDistance(id); | |
| 171 | |||
| 172 | // sink defined as radial flow Jr * density [m^2 s-1]* [kg m-3] | ||
| 173 | 9148794 | const auto sourceValue = -1.0*this->couplingManager().reconstruction().computeSource( | |
| 174 | bEIdx, lEIdx, p0, pRoot, kernelRadius, radius, Kr, density, viscosity, id, delta | ||
| 175 | ); | ||
| 176 | 18297588 | source = sourceValue*source.quadratureWeight()*source.integrationElement(); | |
| 177 | 9148794 | } | |
| 178 | |||
| 179 | ✗ | PrimaryVariables initialAtPos(const GlobalPosition &globalPos) const | |
| 180 | { | ||
| 181 |
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2340 | if (bcType_ == BCType::constCollarPressure) |
| 182 | ✗ | return PrimaryVariables(criticalCollarPressure_); | |
| 183 | else | ||
| 184 | 4680 | return PrimaryVariables(initialRootPressure_); | |
| 185 | } | ||
| 186 | |||
| 187 | //! Called after every time step | ||
| 188 | //! Output the total global exchange term | ||
| 189 | //! Output the individual source terms into sourceTerms | ||
| 190 | 451 | void computeSourceIntegral(const SolutionVector& sol, const GridVariables& gridVars, | |
| 191 | std::vector<Scalar>& sourceTerms) | ||
| 192 | { | ||
| 193 | 451 | PrimaryVariables source(0.0); | |
| 194 |
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529023 | for (const auto& element : elements(this->gridGeometry().gridView())) |
| 195 | { | ||
| 196 | 1055340 | auto fvGeometry = localView(this->gridGeometry()); | |
| 197 | 527670 | fvGeometry.bindElement(element); | |
| 198 | |||
| 199 | 1055340 | auto elemVolVars = localView(gridVars.curGridVolVars()); | |
| 200 | 527670 | elemVolVars.bindElement(element, fvGeometry, sol); | |
| 201 | |||
| 202 | 527670 | PrimaryVariables localSource(0.0); | |
| 203 |
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2110680 | for (const auto& scv : scvs(fvGeometry)) |
| 204 | { | ||
| 205 |
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527670 | auto pointSources = this->scvPointSources(element, fvGeometry, elemVolVars, scv); |
| 206 | 527670 | pointSources *= scv.volume()*elemVolVars[scv].extrusionFactor(); | |
| 207 | 527670 | localSource += pointSources; | |
| 208 | } | ||
| 209 | |||
| 210 | 1583010 | const auto eIdx = this->gridGeometry().elementMapper().index(element); | |
| 211 | 527670 | sourceTerms[eIdx] = localSource[0]; | |
| 212 | 1055340 | source += localSource; | |
| 213 | } | ||
| 214 | |||
| 215 | 902 | std::cout << "Global integrated source (root): " << source << " (kg/s) / " | |
| 216 | 902 | << source*3600*24*1000 << " (g/day)" << '\n'; | |
| 217 | 451 | } | |
| 218 | |||
| 219 | //! compute the actual transpiration rate | ||
| 220 | 434 | Scalar computeActualTranspirationRate(const SolutionVector& sol, const GridVariables& gridVars, bool verbose = true) const | |
| 221 | { | ||
| 222 | 434 | NumEqVector transpirationRate(0.0); | |
| 223 |
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509082 | for (const auto& element : elements(this->gridGeometry().gridView())) |
| 224 | { | ||
| 225 | 1015560 | auto fvGeometry = localView(this->gridGeometry()); | |
| 226 | 507780 | fvGeometry.bindElement(element); | |
| 227 | |||
| 228 | 1523340 | auto elemVolVars = localView(gridVars.curGridVolVars()); | |
| 229 | 507780 | elemVolVars.bindElement(element, fvGeometry, sol); | |
| 230 | |||
| 231 |
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2031120 | for (const auto& scvf : scvfs(fvGeometry)) |
| 232 |
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1015560 | if (scvf.boundary()) |
| 233 | ✗ | transpirationRate += this->neumann(element, fvGeometry, elemVolVars, 0.0, scvf) | |
| 234 |
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28644 | *scvf.area()*elemVolVars[scvf.insideScvIdx()].extrusionFactor(); |
| 235 | } | ||
| 236 | |||
| 237 |
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434 | if (verbose) |
| 238 | { | ||
| 239 | 868 | std::cout << "Actual transpiration rate: " << transpirationRate << " (kg/s) / " | |
| 240 | 434 | << transpirationRate[0]*86400*1000 << " (g/day)"; | |
| 241 |
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434 | if (bcType_ != BCType::constCollarPressure) |
| 242 | 868 | std::cout << " / Potential transpiration rate: " << potentialTranspirationRate() << " (kg/s) / " | |
| 243 | 434 | << potentialTranspirationRate()*86400*1000 << " (g/day) / "; | |
| 244 | 434 | std::cout << std::endl; | |
| 245 | } | ||
| 246 | |||
| 247 | 434 | return transpirationRate[0]; | |
| 248 | } | ||
| 249 | |||
| 250 | //! Get the coupling manager | ||
| 251 | const CouplingManager& couplingManager() const | ||
| 252 |
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54892768 | { return *couplingManager_; } |
| 253 | |||
| 254 | //! set the current time for evaluation of time-dependent boundary conditions | ||
| 255 | ✗ | void setTime(const Scalar t) | |
| 256 |
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455 | { time_= t; } |
| 257 | |||
| 258 | //! get the boundary condition type | ||
| 259 | ✗ | BCType bcType() const | |
| 260 | ✗ | { return bcType_; } | |
| 261 | |||
| 262 | private: | ||
| 263 | Scalar initialRootPressure_, criticalCollarPressure_, dailyTranspirationRate_; | ||
| 264 | Scalar time_; | ||
| 265 | Scalar kernelWidthFactor_; | ||
| 266 | |||
| 267 | BCType bcType_; | ||
| 268 | Scalar bcSmoothingParam_; | ||
| 269 | |||
| 270 | static constexpr Scalar eps_ = 1.5e-7; | ||
| 271 | std::string name_; | ||
| 272 | |||
| 273 | std::shared_ptr<CouplingManager> couplingManager_; | ||
| 274 | }; | ||
| 275 | |||
| 276 | } // end namespace Dumux | ||
| 277 | |||
| 278 | #endif | ||
| 279 |