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| 1 | // -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- | ||
| 2 | // vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4: | ||
| 3 | // | ||
| 4 | // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright © DuMux Project contributors, see AUTHORS.md in root folder | ||
| 5 | // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later | ||
| 6 | // | ||
| 7 | /*! | ||
| 8 | * \file | ||
| 9 | * \ingroup EmbeddedTests | ||
| 10 | * \brief The root problem for the benchmark cases C1.2a/b from Schnepf et al (2020) https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00316 | ||
| 11 | */ | ||
| 12 | #ifndef DUMUX_TEST_ROOT_SOIL_BENCHMARK_ROOT_PROBLEM_HH | ||
| 13 | #define DUMUX_TEST_ROOT_SOIL_BENCHMARK_ROOT_PROBLEM_HH | ||
| 14 | |||
| 15 | #include <dumux/common/math.hh> | ||
| 16 | #include <dumux/common/parameters.hh> | ||
| 17 | #include <dumux/common/properties.hh> | ||
| 18 | #include <dumux/common/boundarytypes.hh> | ||
| 19 | #include <dumux/common/numeqvector.hh> | ||
| 20 | #include <dumux/porousmediumflow/problem.hh> | ||
| 21 | #include <dumux/discretization/evalsolution.hh> | ||
| 22 | #include <dumux/discretization/elementsolution.hh> | ||
| 23 | |||
| 24 | #include "couplingreconstruction.hh" | ||
| 25 | |||
| 26 | namespace Dumux { | ||
| 27 | |||
| 28 | /*! | ||
| 29 | * \ingroup EmbeddedTests | ||
| 30 | * \brief The root problem for the benchmark cases C1.2a/b from Schnepf et al (2020) https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00316 | ||
| 31 | */ | ||
| 32 | template <class TypeTag> | ||
| 33 | class RootProblem : public PorousMediumFlowProblem<TypeTag> | ||
| 34 | { | ||
| 35 | using ParentType = PorousMediumFlowProblem<TypeTag>; | ||
| 36 | using Scalar = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>; | ||
| 37 | using PointSource = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::PointSource>; | ||
| 38 | using Indices = typename GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::ModelTraits>::Indices; | ||
| 39 | using PrimaryVariables = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::PrimaryVariables>; | ||
| 40 | using NumEqVector = Dumux::NumEqVector<PrimaryVariables>; | ||
| 41 | using BoundaryTypes = Dumux::BoundaryTypes<PrimaryVariables::size()>; | ||
| 42 | using GridGeometry = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::GridGeometry>; | ||
| 43 | using GridView = typename GridGeometry::GridView; | ||
| 44 | using FVElementGeometry = typename GridGeometry::LocalView; | ||
| 45 | using SubControlVolume = typename GridGeometry::SubControlVolume; | ||
| 46 | using SubControlVolumeFace = typename GridGeometry::SubControlVolumeFace; | ||
| 47 | using GlobalPosition = typename GridGeometry::GlobalCoordinate; | ||
| 48 | using SolutionVector = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::SolutionVector>; | ||
| 49 | using GridVariables = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::GridVariables>; | ||
| 50 | using Element = typename GridView::template Codim<0>::Entity; | ||
| 51 | using CouplingManager = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::CouplingManager>; | ||
| 52 | |||
| 53 | public: | ||
| 54 | enum BCType | ||
| 55 | { constCollarPressure, constTranspiration, cyclicTranspiration }; | ||
| 56 | |||
| 57 | template<class SpatialParams> | ||
| 58 | 2 | RootProblem(std::shared_ptr<const GridGeometry> gridGeometry, | |
| 59 | std::shared_ptr<SpatialParams> spatialParams, | ||
| 60 | std::shared_ptr<CouplingManager> couplingManager, | ||
| 61 | const GlobalPosition& domainSize) | ||
| 62 | : ParentType(gridGeometry, spatialParams, "Root") | ||
| 63 |
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8 | , couplingManager_(couplingManager) |
| 64 | { | ||
| 65 | // read parameters from input file | ||
| 66 |
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2 | name_ = getParamFromGroup<std::string>(this->paramGroup(), "Problem.Name"); |
| 67 |
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2 | criticalCollarPressure_ = getParam<Scalar>("BoundaryConditions.CriticalCollarPressure", -1.4e6); // in Pa |
| 68 |
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2 | initialRootPressure_ = getParam<Scalar>("BoundaryConditions.InitialRootPressure", -1e5); // in Pa |
| 69 |
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2 | dailyTranspirationRate_ = getParam<Scalar>("BoundaryConditions.DailyTranspirationRate", 1.0); // mm/day |
| 70 | 2 | dailyTranspirationRate_ *= domainSize[0]*domainSize[1]/86400.0; // kg/s (domain size in m, kg->g=mm->m) | |
| 71 | |||
| 72 |
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2 | const auto bcType = getParam<std::string>("BoundaryConditions.BoundaryType", "CyclicTranspiration"); |
| 73 |
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2 | if (bcType == "CyclicTranspiration") bcType_ = BCType::cyclicTranspiration; |
| 74 | ✗ | else if (bcType == "ConstCollarPressure") bcType_ = BCType::constCollarPressure; | |
| 75 | ✗ | else if (bcType == "ConstTranspiration") bcType_ = BCType::constTranspiration; | |
| 76 | ✗ | else DUNE_THROW(Dune::InvalidStateException, "Unknown BCType: " << bcType); | |
| 77 | |||
| 78 |
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2 | bcSmoothingParam_ = getParam<Scalar>("BoundaryConditions.SmoothingK", 0.1); |
| 79 |
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2 | kernelWidthFactor_ = getParam<Scalar>("MixedDimension.KernelWidthFactor"); |
| 80 | 2 | } | |
| 81 | |||
| 82 | 2 | const std::string& name() const | |
| 83 |
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2 | { return name_; } |
| 84 | |||
| 85 |
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195888 | BoundaryTypes boundaryTypesAtPos(const GlobalPosition &globalPos) const |
| 86 | { | ||
| 87 |
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195888 | BoundaryTypes values; |
| 88 | 195888 | values.setAllNeumann(); | |
| 89 | |||
| 90 |
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195888 | if (bcType_ == BCType::constCollarPressure) |
| 91 | ✗ | if (globalPos[2] + eps_ > this->gridGeometry().bBoxMax()[2]) | |
| 92 | values.setAllDirichlet(); | ||
| 93 | |||
| 94 | return values; | ||
| 95 | } | ||
| 96 | |||
| 97 | ✗ | PrimaryVariables dirichletAtPos(const GlobalPosition& globalPos) const | |
| 98 | ✗ | { return PrimaryVariables(criticalCollarPressure_); } | |
| 99 | |||
| 100 | template<class ElementVolumeVariables, class ElementFluxVarsCache> | ||
| 101 | 262482 | NumEqVector neumann(const Element& element, | |
| 102 | const FVElementGeometry& fvGeometry, | ||
| 103 | const ElementVolumeVariables& elemVolVars, | ||
| 104 | const ElementFluxVarsCache& elemFluxVarsCache, | ||
| 105 | const SubControlVolumeFace& scvf) const | ||
| 106 | { | ||
| 107 | 262482 | NumEqVector values(0.0); | |
| 108 | |||
| 109 | // set transpiration rate at the root collar | ||
| 110 |
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262482 | const auto globalPos = scvf.center(); |
| 111 |
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262482 | if (globalPos[2] + eps_ > this->gridGeometry().bBoxMax()[2]) |
| 112 | { | ||
| 113 | // if the plant has water stress reduce the transpiration rate (imposing Dirichlet boundary condition weakly) | ||
| 114 | 7954 | const auto& volVars = elemVolVars[scvf.insideScvIdx()]; | |
| 115 | 7954 | const auto dist = fvGeometry.scv(scvf.insideScvIdx()).volume(); | |
| 116 | 7954 | const auto elemSol = elementSolution(element, elemVolVars, fvGeometry); | |
| 117 | 7954 | const auto p = evalSolution(element, element.geometry(), elemSol, globalPos)[0]; | |
| 118 | 7954 | const auto eIdx = this->gridGeometry().elementMapper().index(element); | |
| 119 |
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7954 | const Scalar Kx = this->spatialParams().Kx(eIdx); |
| 120 | 7954 | const auto rho = volVars.density(0); | |
| 121 | 7954 | const Scalar criticalTranspiration = rho*Kx*(p - criticalCollarPressure_ - rho*9.81*dist)/dist; | |
| 122 |
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7954 | values[Indices::conti0EqIdx] = smoothMin(potentialTranspirationRate(), criticalTranspiration, dailyTranspirationRate_*bcSmoothingParam_); |
| 123 | 7954 | values /= volVars.extrusionFactor() * scvf.area(); // convert from kg/s to kg/(s*m^2) | |
| 124 | } | ||
| 125 | |||
| 126 | 262482 | return values; | |
| 127 | } | ||
| 128 | |||
| 129 | //! Compute potential transpiration rate in kg/s | ||
| 130 | 5279 | Scalar potentialTranspirationRate() const | |
| 131 | { | ||
| 132 | // possibly make the transpiration rate dependent on the current root length for growth | ||
| 133 |
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5279 | if (bcType_ == BCType::cyclicTranspiration) |
| 134 | 5279 | return dailyTranspirationRate_*std::sin(time_*2.0*M_PI / 86400.0 - M_PI/2.0) + dailyTranspirationRate_; | |
| 135 | ✗ | else if (bcType_ == BCType::constTranspiration) | |
| 136 | ✗ | return dailyTranspirationRate_; | |
| 137 | else | ||
| 138 | return std::numeric_limits<Scalar>::max(); | ||
| 139 | } | ||
| 140 | |||
| 141 | 2 | void addPointSources(std::vector<PointSource>& pointSources) const | |
| 142 |
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2 | { pointSources = this->couplingManager().lowDimPointSources(); } |
| 143 | |||
| 144 | template<class ElementVolumeVariables> | ||
| 145 | 9148794 | void pointSource(PointSource& source, | |
| 146 | const Element &element, | ||
| 147 | const FVElementGeometry& fvGeometry, | ||
| 148 | const ElementVolumeVariables& elemVolVars, | ||
| 149 | const SubControlVolume &scv) const | ||
| 150 | { | ||
| 151 | // compute source at every integration point | ||
| 152 | 9148794 | const auto id = source.id(); | |
| 153 | |||
| 154 | 9148794 | const Scalar p0 = this->couplingManager().bulkPriVars(id)[Indices::pressureIdx]; | |
| 155 | 9148794 | const Scalar pRoot = this->couplingManager().lowDimPriVars(id)[Indices::pressureIdx]; | |
| 156 | 9148794 | const Scalar radius = this->couplingManager().radius(id); | |
| 157 | 9148794 | const auto lEIdx = this->couplingManager().pointSourceData(id).lowDimElementIdx(); | |
| 158 | 9148794 | const auto bEIdx = this->couplingManager().pointSourceData(id).bulkElementIdx(); | |
| 159 | 9148794 | const Scalar Kr = this->spatialParams().Kr(lEIdx); | |
| 160 | 9148794 | const Scalar kernelRadius = kernelWidthFactor_*radius; | |
| 161 | 9148794 | const Scalar density = 1000; | |
| 162 | 9148794 | const Scalar viscosity = 1e-3; | |
| 163 | 9148794 | const Scalar delta = this->couplingManager().averageDistance(id); | |
| 164 | |||
| 165 | // sink defined as radial flow Jr * density [m^2 s-1]* [kg m-3] | ||
| 166 | 9148794 | const auto sourceValue = -1.0*this->couplingManager().reconstruction().computeSource( | |
| 167 | bEIdx, lEIdx, p0, pRoot, kernelRadius, radius, Kr, density, viscosity, id, delta | ||
| 168 | ); | ||
| 169 | 9148794 | source = sourceValue*source.quadratureWeight()*source.integrationElement(); | |
| 170 | 9148794 | } | |
| 171 | |||
| 172 | 2340 | PrimaryVariables initialAtPos(const GlobalPosition &globalPos) const | |
| 173 | { | ||
| 174 |
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2340 | if (bcType_ == BCType::constCollarPressure) |
| 175 | ✗ | return PrimaryVariables(criticalCollarPressure_); | |
| 176 | else | ||
| 177 | 2340 | return PrimaryVariables(initialRootPressure_); | |
| 178 | } | ||
| 179 | |||
| 180 | //! Called after every time step | ||
| 181 | //! Output the total global exchange term | ||
| 182 | //! Output the individual source terms into sourceTerms | ||
| 183 | 451 | void computeSourceIntegral(const SolutionVector& sol, const GridVariables& gridVars, | |
| 184 | std::vector<Scalar>& sourceTerms) | ||
| 185 | { | ||
| 186 | 451 | PrimaryVariables source(0.0); | |
| 187 |
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1055791 | for (const auto& element : elements(this->gridGeometry().gridView())) |
| 188 | { | ||
| 189 | 527670 | auto fvGeometry = localView(this->gridGeometry()); | |
| 190 | 527670 | fvGeometry.bindElement(element); | |
| 191 | |||
| 192 | 527670 | auto elemVolVars = localView(gridVars.curGridVolVars()); | |
| 193 | elemVolVars.bindElement(element, fvGeometry, sol); | ||
| 194 | |||
| 195 | 527670 | PrimaryVariables localSource(0.0); | |
| 196 |
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1055340 | for (const auto& scv : scvs(fvGeometry)) |
| 197 | { | ||
| 198 |
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527670 | auto pointSources = this->scvPointSources(element, fvGeometry, elemVolVars, scv); |
| 199 | 1055340 | pointSources *= scv.volume()*elemVolVars[scv].extrusionFactor(); | |
| 200 | 527670 | localSource += pointSources; | |
| 201 | } | ||
| 202 | |||
| 203 | 527670 | const auto eIdx = this->gridGeometry().elementMapper().index(element); | |
| 204 | 527670 | sourceTerms[eIdx] = localSource[0]; | |
| 205 | 527670 | source += localSource; | |
| 206 | } | ||
| 207 | |||
| 208 | 451 | std::cout << "Global integrated source (root): " << source << " (kg/s) / " | |
| 209 | 451 | << source*3600*24*1000 << " (g/day)" << '\n'; | |
| 210 | 451 | } | |
| 211 | |||
| 212 | //! compute the actual transpiration rate | ||
| 213 | 434 | Scalar computeActualTranspirationRate(const SolutionVector& sol, const GridVariables& gridVars, bool verbose = true) const | |
| 214 | { | ||
| 215 | 434 | NumEqVector transpirationRate(0.0); | |
| 216 |
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1015994 | for (const auto& element : elements(this->gridGeometry().gridView())) |
| 217 | { | ||
| 218 | 507780 | auto fvGeometry = localView(this->gridGeometry()); | |
| 219 | 507780 | fvGeometry.bindElement(element); | |
| 220 | |||
| 221 | 507780 | auto elemVolVars = localView(gridVars.curGridVolVars()); | |
| 222 | 507780 | elemVolVars.bindElement(element, fvGeometry, sol); | |
| 223 | |||
| 224 |
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1523340 | for (const auto& scvf : scvfs(fvGeometry)) |
| 225 |
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1015560 | if (scvf.boundary()) |
| 226 |
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14322 | transpirationRate += this->neumann(element, fvGeometry, elemVolVars, 0.0, scvf) |
| 227 |
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14322 | *scvf.area()*elemVolVars[scvf.insideScvIdx()].extrusionFactor(); |
| 228 | } | ||
| 229 | |||
| 230 |
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434 | if (verbose) |
| 231 | { | ||
| 232 | 434 | std::cout << "Actual transpiration rate: " << transpirationRate << " (kg/s) / " | |
| 233 | 434 | << transpirationRate[0]*86400*1000 << " (g/day)"; | |
| 234 |
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434 | if (bcType_ != BCType::constCollarPressure) |
| 235 | 434 | std::cout << " / Potential transpiration rate: " << potentialTranspirationRate() << " (kg/s) / " | |
| 236 | 434 | << potentialTranspirationRate()*86400*1000 << " (g/day) / "; | |
| 237 | 434 | std::cout << std::endl; | |
| 238 | } | ||
| 239 | |||
| 240 | 434 | return transpirationRate[0]; | |
| 241 | } | ||
| 242 | |||
| 243 | //! Get the coupling manager | ||
| 244 | 9148796 | const CouplingManager& couplingManager() const | |
| 245 |
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9148796 | { return *couplingManager_; } |
| 246 | |||
| 247 | //! set the current time for evaluation of time-dependent boundary conditions | ||
| 248 | 455 | void setTime(const Scalar t) | |
| 249 |
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455 | { time_= t; } |
| 250 | |||
| 251 | //! get the boundary condition type | ||
| 252 | 434 | BCType bcType() const | |
| 253 |
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434 | { return bcType_; } |
| 254 | |||
| 255 | private: | ||
| 256 | Scalar initialRootPressure_, criticalCollarPressure_, dailyTranspirationRate_; | ||
| 257 | Scalar time_; | ||
| 258 | Scalar kernelWidthFactor_; | ||
| 259 | |||
| 260 | BCType bcType_; | ||
| 261 | Scalar bcSmoothingParam_; | ||
| 262 | |||
| 263 | static constexpr Scalar eps_ = 1.5e-7; | ||
| 264 | std::string name_; | ||
| 265 | |||
| 266 | std::shared_ptr<CouplingManager> couplingManager_; | ||
| 267 | }; | ||
| 268 | |||
| 269 | } // end namespace Dumux | ||
| 270 | |||
| 271 | #endif | ||
| 272 |